John Cawley1, Katherine Wen2. 1. Department of Policy Analysis & Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. JHC38@cornell.edu. 2. Department of Policy Analysis & Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Obesity has risen dramatically in recent decades in the US and most other countries of the world. This has led to a search for public policies and other interventions that can prevent obesity and improve diets. However, there remain considerable uncertainty and confusion about the effectiveness of many potential policies. CONTENT: This review assesses the strength of the research evidence for 4 commonly proposed policies to prevent obesity and improve diets: (a) taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs); (b) calorie labels on restaurant menus; (c) restricting food advertising to youth; and (d) excluding energy-dense foods from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). SUMMARY: The existing literature has many limitations. Often, the research designs are weak, with small nonrepresentative samples and only short-run follow-up. However, a number of studies are of sufficiently high quality to be informative, and on the basis of that evidence, there appears to be no magic bullet to prevent and reduce obesity. Thus, a suite of these policies may be needed for a meaningful impact.
BACKGROUND:Obesity has risen dramatically in recent decades in the US and most other countries of the world. This has led to a search for public policies and other interventions that can prevent obesity and improve diets. However, there remain considerable uncertainty and confusion about the effectiveness of many potential policies. CONTENT: This review assesses the strength of the research evidence for 4 commonly proposed policies to prevent obesity and improve diets: (a) taxes on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs); (b) calorie labels on restaurant menus; (c) restricting food advertising to youth; and (d) excluding energy-dense foods from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). SUMMARY: The existing literature has many limitations. Often, the research designs are weak, with small nonrepresentative samples and only short-run follow-up. However, a number of studies are of sufficiently high quality to be informative, and on the basis of that evidence, there appears to be no magic bullet to prevent and reduce obesity. Thus, a suite of these policies may be needed for a meaningful impact.