On 17 August 2017, the Advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors observed the gravitational-wave event GW170817-a strong signal from the merger of a binary neutron-star system. Less than two seconds after the merger, a γ-ray burst (GRB 170817A) was detected within a region of the sky consistent with the LIGO-Virgo-derived location of the gravitational-wave source. This sky region was subsequently observed by optical astronomy facilities, resulting in the identification of an optical transient signal within about ten arcseconds of the galaxy NGC 4993. This detection of GW170817 in both gravitational waves and electromagnetic waves represents the first 'multi-messenger' astronomical observation. Such observations enable GW170817 to be used as a 'standard siren' (meaning that the absolute distance to the source can be determined directly from the gravitational-wave measurements) to measure the Hubble constant. This quantity represents the local expansion rate of the Universe, sets the overall scale of the Universe and is of fundamental importance to cosmology. Here we report a measurement of the Hubble constant that combines the distance to the source inferred purely from the gravitational-wave signal with the recession velocity inferred from measurements of the redshift using the electromagnetic data. In contrast to previous measurements, ours does not require the use of a cosmic 'distance ladder': the gravitational-wave analysis can be used to estimate the luminosity distance out to cosmological scales directly, without the use of intermediate astronomical distance measurements. We determine the Hubble constant to be about 70 kilometres per second per megaparsec. This value is consistent with existing measurements, while being completely independent of them. Additional standard siren measurements from future gravitational-wave sources will enable the Hubble constant to be constrained to high precision.
On 17 August 2017, the Advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors observed the gravitational-wave event GW170817-a strong signal from the merger of a binary neutron-star system. Less than two seconds after the merger, a γ-ray burst (GRB 170817A) was detected within a region of the sky consistent with the LIGO-Virgo-derived location of the gravitational-wave source. This sky region was subsequently observed by optical astronomy facilities, resulting in the identification of an optical transient signal within about ten arcseconds of the galaxy NGC 4993. This detection of GW170817 in both gravitational waves and electromagnetic waves represents the first 'multi-messenger' astronomical observation. Such observations enable GW170817 to be used as a 'standard siren' (meaning that the absolute distance to the source can be determined directly from the gravitational-wave measurements) to measure the Hubble constant. This quantity represents the local expansion rate of the Universe, sets the overall scale of the Universe and is of fundamental importance to cosmology. Here we report a measurement of the Hubble constant that combines the distance to the source inferred purely from the gravitational-wave signal with the recession velocity inferred from measurements of the redshift using the electromagnetic data. In contrast to previous measurements, ours does not require the use of a cosmic 'distance ladder': the gravitational-wave analysis can be used to estimate the luminosity distance out to cosmological scales directly, without the use of intermediate astronomical distance measurements. We determine the Hubble constant to be about 70 kilometres per second per megaparsec. This value is consistent with existing measurements, while being completely independent of them. Additional standard siren measurements from future gravitational-wave sources will enable the Hubble constant to be constrained to high precision.
Authors: D A Coulter; R J Foley; C D Kilpatrick; M R Drout; A L Piro; B J Shappee; M R Siebert; J D Simon; N Ulloa; D Kasen; B F Madore; A Murguia-Berthier; Y-C Pan; J X Prochaska; E Ramirez-Ruiz; A Rest; C Rojas-Bravo Journal: Science Date: 2017-10-16 Impact factor: 47.728
Authors: B P Abbott; R Abbott; T D Abbott; F Acernese; K Ackley; C Adams; T Adams; P Addesso; R X Adhikari; V B Adya; C Affeldt; M Afrough; B Agarwal; M Agathos; K Agatsuma; N Aggarwal; O D Aguiar; L Aiello; A Ain; P Ajith; B Allen; G Allen; A Allocca; P A Altin; A Amato; A Ananyeva; S B Anderson; W G Anderson; S V Angelova; S Antier; S Appert; K Arai; M C Araya; J S Areeda; N Arnaud; K G Arun; S Ascenzi; G Ashton; M Ast; S M Aston; P Astone; D V Atallah; P Aufmuth; C Aulbert; K AultONeal; C Austin; A Avila-Alvarez; S Babak; P Bacon; M K M Bader; S Bae; M Bailes; P T Baker; F Baldaccini; G Ballardin; S W Ballmer; S Banagiri; J C Barayoga; S E Barclay; B C Barish; D Barker; K Barkett; F Barone; B Barr; L Barsotti; M Barsuglia; D Barta; S D Barthelmy; J Bartlett; I Bartos; R Bassiri; A Basti; J C Batch; M Bawaj; J C Bayley; M Bazzan; B Bécsy; C Beer; M Bejger; I Belahcene; A S Bell; B K Berger; G Bergmann; S Bernuzzi; J J Bero; C P L Berry; D Bersanetti; A Bertolini; J Betzwieser; S Bhagwat; R Bhandare; I A Bilenko; G Billingsley; C R Billman; J Birch; R Birney; O Birnholtz; S Biscans; S Biscoveanu; A Bisht; M Bitossi; C Biwer; M A Bizouard; J K Blackburn; J Blackman; C D Blair; D G Blair; R M Blair; S Bloemen; O Bock; N Bode; M Boer; G Bogaert; A Bohe; F Bondu; E Bonilla; R Bonnand; B A Boom; R Bork; V Boschi; S Bose; K Bossie; Y Bouffanais; A Bozzi; C Bradaschia; P R Brady; M Branchesi; J E Brau; T Briant; A Brillet; M Brinkmann; V Brisson; P Brockill; J E Broida; A F Brooks; D A Brown; D D Brown; S Brunett; C C Buchanan; A Buikema; T Bulik; H J Bulten; A Buonanno; D Buskulic; C Buy; R L Byer; M Cabero; L Cadonati; G Cagnoli; C Cahillane; J Calderón Bustillo; T A Callister; E Calloni; J B Camp; M Canepa; P Canizares; K C Cannon; H Cao; J Cao; C D Capano; E Capocasa; F Carbognani; S Caride; M F Carney; G Carullo; J Casanueva Diaz; C Casentini; S Caudill; M Cavaglià; F Cavalier; R Cavalieri; G Cella; C B Cepeda; P Cerdá-Durán; G Cerretani; E Cesarini; S J Chamberlin; M Chan; S Chao; P Charlton; E Chase; E Chassande-Mottin; D Chatterjee; K Chatziioannou; B D Cheeseboro; H Y Chen; X Chen; Y Chen; H-P Cheng; H Chia; A Chincarini; A Chiummo; T Chmiel; H S Cho; M Cho; J H Chow; N Christensen; Q Chu; A J K Chua; S Chua; A K W Chung; S Chung; G Ciani; R Ciolfi; C E Cirelli; A Cirone; F Clara; J A Clark; P Clearwater; F Cleva; C Cocchieri; E Coccia; P-F Cohadon; D Cohen; A Colla; C G Collette; L R Cominsky; M Constancio; L Conti; S J Cooper; P Corban; T R Corbitt; I Cordero-Carrión; K R Corley; N Cornish; A Corsi; S Cortese; C A Costa; M W Coughlin; S B Coughlin; J-P Coulon; S T Countryman; P Couvares; P B Covas; E E Cowan; D M Coward; M J Cowart; D C Coyne; R Coyne; J D E Creighton; T D Creighton; J Cripe; S G Crowder; T J Cullen; A Cumming; L Cunningham; E Cuoco; T Dal Canton; G Dálya; S L Danilishin; S D'Antonio; K Danzmann; A Dasgupta; C F Da Silva Costa; V Dattilo; I Dave; M Davier; D Davis; E J Daw; B Day; S De; D DeBra; J Degallaix; M De Laurentis; S Deléglise; W Del Pozzo; N Demos; T Denker; T Dent; R De Pietri; V Dergachev; R De Rosa; R T DeRosa; C De Rossi; R DeSalvo; O de Varona; J Devenson; S Dhurandhar; M C Díaz; T Dietrich; L Di Fiore; M Di Giovanni; T Di Girolamo; A Di Lieto; S Di Pace; I Di Palma; F Di Renzo; Z Doctor; V Dolique; F Donovan; K L Dooley; S Doravari; I Dorrington; R Douglas; M Dovale Álvarez; T P Downes; M Drago; C Dreissigacker; J C Driggers; Z Du; M Ducrot; R Dudi; P Dupej; S E Dwyer; T B Edo; M C Edwards; A Effler; H-B Eggenstein; P Ehrens; J Eichholz; S S Eikenberry; R A Eisenstein; R C Essick; D Estevez; Z B Etienne; T Etzel; M Evans; T M Evans; M Factourovich; V Fafone; H Fair; S Fairhurst; X Fan; S Farinon; B Farr; W M Farr; E J Fauchon-Jones; M Favata; M Fays; C Fee; H Fehrmann; J Feicht; M M Fejer; A Fernandez-Galiana; I Ferrante; E C Ferreira; F Ferrini; F Fidecaro; D Finstad; I Fiori; D Fiorucci; M Fishbach; R P Fisher; M Fitz-Axen; R Flaminio; M Fletcher; H Fong; J A Font; P W F Forsyth; S S Forsyth; J-D Fournier; S Frasca; F Frasconi; Z Frei; A Freise; R Frey; V Frey; E M Fries; P Fritschel; V V Frolov; P Fulda; M Fyffe; H Gabbard; B U Gadre; S M Gaebel; J R Gair; L Gammaitoni; M R Ganija; S G Gaonkar; C Garcia-Quiros; F Garufi; B Gateley; S Gaudio; G Gaur; V Gayathri; N Gehrels; G Gemme; E Genin; A Gennai; D George; J George; L Gergely; V Germain; S Ghonge; Abhirup Ghosh; Archisman Ghosh; S Ghosh; J A Giaime; K D Giardina; A Giazotto; K Gill; L Glover; E Goetz; R Goetz; S Gomes; B Goncharov; G González; J M Gonzalez Castro; A Gopakumar; M L Gorodetsky; S E Gossan; M Gosselin; R Gouaty; A Grado; C Graef; M Granata; A Grant; S Gras; C Gray; G Greco; A C Green; E M Gretarsson; P Groot; H Grote; S Grunewald; P Gruning; G M Guidi; X Guo; A Gupta; M K Gupta; K E Gushwa; E K Gustafson; R Gustafson; O Halim; B R Hall; E D Hall; E Z Hamilton; G Hammond; M Haney; M M Hanke; J Hanks; C Hanna; M D Hannam; O A Hannuksela; J Hanson; T Hardwick; J Harms; G M Harry; I W Harry; M J Hart; C-J Haster; K Haughian; J Healy; A Heidmann; M C Heintze; H Heitmann; P Hello; G Hemming; M Hendry; I S Heng; J Hennig; A W Heptonstall; M Heurs; S Hild; T Hinderer; W C G Ho; D Hoak; D Hofman; K Holt; D E Holz; P Hopkins; C Horst; J Hough; E A Houston; E J Howell; A Hreibi; Y M Hu; E A Huerta; D Huet; B Hughey; S Husa; S H Huttner; T Huynh-Dinh; N Indik; R Inta; G Intini; H N Isa; J-M Isac; M Isi; B R Iyer; K Izumi; T Jacqmin; K Jani; P Jaranowski; S Jawahar; F Jiménez-Forteza; W W Johnson; N K Johnson-McDaniel; D I Jones; R Jones; R J G Jonker; L Ju; J Junker; C V Kalaghatgi; V Kalogera; B Kamai; S Kandhasamy; G Kang; J B Kanner; S J Kapadia; S Karki; K S Karvinen; M Kasprzack; W Kastaun; M Katolik; E Katsavounidis; W Katzman; S Kaufer; K Kawabe; F Kéfélian; D Keitel; A J Kemball; R Kennedy; C Kent; J S Key; F Y Khalili; I Khan; S Khan; Z Khan; E A Khazanov; N Kijbunchoo; Chunglee Kim; J C Kim; K Kim; W Kim; W S Kim; Y-M Kim; S J Kimbrell; E J King; P J King; M Kinley-Hanlon; R Kirchhoff; J S Kissel; L Kleybolte; S Klimenko; T D Knowles; P Koch; S M Koehlenbeck; S Koley; V Kondrashov; A Kontos; M Korobko; W Z Korth; I Kowalska; D B Kozak; C Krämer; V Kringel; B Krishnan; A Królak; G Kuehn; P Kumar; R Kumar; S Kumar; L Kuo; A Kutynia; S Kwang; B D Lackey; K H Lai; M Landry; R N Lang; J Lange; B Lantz; R K Lanza; S L Larson; A Lartaux-Vollard; P D Lasky; M Laxen; A Lazzarini; C Lazzaro; P Leaci; S Leavey; C H Lee; H K Lee; H M Lee; H W Lee; K Lee; J Lehmann; A Lenon; E Leon; M Leonardi; N Leroy; N Letendre; Y Levin; T G F Li; S D Linker; T B Littenberg; J Liu; X Liu; R K L Lo; N A Lockerbie; L T London; J E Lord; M Lorenzini; V Loriette; M Lormand; G Losurdo; J D Lough; C O Lousto; G Lovelace; H Lück; D Lumaca; A P Lundgren; R Lynch; Y Ma; R Macas; S Macfoy; B Machenschalk; M MacInnis; D M Macleod; I Magaña Hernandez; F Magaña-Sandoval; L Magaña Zertuche; R M Magee; E Majorana; I Maksimovic; N Man; V Mandic; V Mangano; G L Mansell; M Manske; M Mantovani; F Marchesoni; F Marion; S Márka; Z Márka; C Markakis; A S Markosyan; A Markowitz; E Maros; A Marquina; P Marsh; F Martelli; L Martellini; I W Martin; R M Martin; D V Martynov; J N Marx; K Mason; E Massera; A Masserot; T J Massinger; M Masso-Reid; S Mastrogiovanni; A Matas; F Matichard; L Matone; N Mavalvala; N Mazumder; R McCarthy; D E McClelland; S McCormick; L McCuller; S C McGuire; G McIntyre; J McIver; D J McManus; L McNeill; T McRae; S T McWilliams; D Meacher; G D Meadors; M Mehmet; J Meidam; E Mejuto-Villa; A Melatos; G Mendell; R A Mercer; E L Merilh; M Merzougui; S Meshkov; C Messenger; C Messick; R Metzdorff; P M Meyers; H Miao; C Michel; H Middleton; E E Mikhailov; L Milano; A L Miller; B B Miller; J Miller; M Millhouse; M C Milovich-Goff; O Minazzoli; Y Minenkov; J Ming; C Mishra; S Mitra; V P Mitrofanov; G Mitselmakher; R Mittleman; D Moffa; A Moggi; K Mogushi; M Mohan; S R P Mohapatra; I Molina; M Montani; C J Moore; D Moraru; G Moreno; S Morisaki; S R Morriss; B Mours; C M Mow-Lowry; G Mueller; A W Muir; Arunava Mukherjee; D Mukherjee; S Mukherjee; N Mukund; A Mullavey; J Munch; E A Muñiz; M Muratore; P G Murray; A Nagar; K Napier; I Nardecchia; L Naticchioni; R K Nayak; J Neilson; G Nelemans; T J N Nelson; M Nery; A Neunzert; L Nevin; J M Newport; G Newton; K K Y Ng; P Nguyen; T T Nguyen; D Nichols; A B Nielsen; S Nissanke; A Nitz; A Noack; F Nocera; D Nolting; C North; L K Nuttall; J Oberling; G D O'Dea; G H Ogin; J J Oh; S H Oh; F Ohme; M A Okada; M Oliver; P Oppermann; Richard J Oram; B O'Reilly; R Ormiston; L F Ortega; R O'Shaughnessy; S Ossokine; D J Ottaway; H Overmier; B J Owen; A E Pace; J Page; M A Page; A Pai; S A Pai; J R Palamos; O Palashov; C Palomba; A Pal-Singh; Howard Pan; Huang-Wei Pan; B Pang; P T H Pang; C Pankow; F Pannarale; B C Pant; F Paoletti; A Paoli; M A Papa; A Parida; W Parker; D Pascucci; A Pasqualetti; R Passaquieti; D Passuello; M Patil; B Patricelli; B L Pearlstone; M Pedraza; R Pedurand; L Pekowsky; A Pele; S Penn; C J Perez; A Perreca; L M Perri; H P Pfeiffer; M Phelps; O J Piccinni; M Pichot; F Piergiovanni; V Pierro; G Pillant; L Pinard; I M Pinto; M Pirello; M Pitkin; M Poe; R Poggiani; P Popolizio; E K Porter; A Post; J Powell; J Prasad; J W W Pratt; G Pratten; V Predoi; T Prestegard; M Prijatelj; M Principe; S Privitera; R Prix; G A Prodi; L G Prokhorov; O Puncken; M Punturo; P Puppo; M Pürrer; H Qi; V Quetschke; E A Quintero; R Quitzow-James; F J Raab; D S Rabeling; H Radkins; P Raffai; S Raja; C Rajan; B Rajbhandari; M Rakhmanov; K E Ramirez; A Ramos-Buades; P Rapagnani; V Raymond; M Razzano; J Read; T Regimbau; L Rei; S Reid; D H Reitze; W Ren; S D Reyes; F Ricci; P M Ricker; S Rieger; K Riles; M Rizzo; N A Robertson; R Robie; F Robinet; A Rocchi; L Rolland; J G Rollins; V J Roma; J D Romano; R Romano; C L Romel; J H Romie; D Rosińska; M P Ross; S Rowan; A Rüdiger; P Ruggi; G Rutins; K Ryan; S Sachdev; T Sadecki; L Sadeghian; M Sakellariadou; L Salconi; M Saleem; F Salemi; A Samajdar; L Sammut; L M Sampson; E J Sanchez; L E Sanchez; N Sanchis-Gual; V Sandberg; J R Sanders; B Sassolas; B S Sathyaprakash; P R Saulson; O Sauter; R L Savage; A Sawadsky; P Schale; M Scheel; J Scheuer; J Schmidt; P Schmidt; R Schnabel; R M S Schofield; A Schönbeck; E Schreiber; D Schuette; B W Schulte; B F Schutz; S G Schwalbe; J Scott; S M Scott; E Seidel; D Sellers; A S Sengupta; D Sentenac; V Sequino; A Sergeev; D A Shaddock; T J Shaffer; A A Shah; M S Shahriar; M B Shaner; L Shao; B Shapiro; P Shawhan; A Sheperd; D H Shoemaker; D M Shoemaker; K Siellez; X Siemens; M Sieniawska; D Sigg; A D Silva; L P Singer; A Singh; A Singhal; A M Sintes; B J J Slagmolen; B Smith; J R Smith; R J E Smith; S Somala; E J Son; J A Sonnenberg; B Sorazu; F Sorrentino; T Souradeep; A P Spencer; A K Srivastava; K Staats; A Staley; M Steinke; J Steinlechner; S Steinlechner; D Steinmeyer; S P Stevenson; R Stone; D J Stops; K A Strain; G Stratta; S E Strigin; A Strunk; R Sturani; A L Stuver; T Z Summerscales; L Sun; S Sunil; J Suresh; P J Sutton; B L Swinkels; M J Szczepańczyk; M Tacca; S C Tait; C Talbot; D Talukder; D B Tanner; M Tápai; A Taracchini; J D Tasson; J A Taylor; R Taylor; S V Tewari; T Theeg; F Thies; E G Thomas; M Thomas; P Thomas; K A Thorne; K S Thorne; E Thrane; S Tiwari; V Tiwari; K V Tokmakov; K Toland; M Tonelli; Z Tornasi; A Torres-Forné; C I Torrie; D Töyrä; F Travasso; G Traylor; J Trinastic; M C Tringali; L Trozzo; K W Tsang; M Tse; R Tso; L Tsukada; D Tsuna; D Tuyenbayev; K Ueno; D Ugolini; C S Unnikrishnan; A L Urban; S A Usman; H Vahlbruch; G Vajente; G Valdes; M Vallisneri; N van Bakel; M van Beuzekom; J F J van den Brand; C Van Den Broeck; D C Vander-Hyde; L van der Schaaf; J V van Heijningen; A A van Veggel; M Vardaro; V Varma; S Vass; M Vasúth; A Vecchio; G Vedovato; J Veitch; P J Veitch; K Venkateswara; G Venugopalan; D Verkindt; F Vetrano; A Viceré; A D Viets; S Vinciguerra; D J Vine; J-Y Vinet; S Vitale; T Vo; H Vocca; C Vorvick; S P Vyatchanin; A R Wade; L E Wade; M Wade; R Walet; M Walker; L Wallace; S Walsh; G Wang; H Wang; J Z Wang; W H Wang; Y F Wang; R L Ward; J Warner; M Was; J Watchi; B Weaver; L-W Wei; M Weinert; A J Weinstein; R Weiss; L Wen; E K Wessel; P Weßels; J Westerweck; T Westphal; K Wette; J T Whelan; S E Whitcomb; B F Whiting; C Whittle; D Wilken; D Williams; R D Williams; A R Williamson; J L Willis; B Willke; M H Wimmer; W Winkler; C C Wipf; H Wittel; G Woan; J Woehler; J Wofford; K W K Wong; J Worden; J L Wright; D S Wu; D M Wysocki; S Xiao; H Yamamoto; C C Yancey; L Yang; M J Yap; M Yazback; Hang Yu; Haocun Yu; M Yvert; A Zadrożny; M Zanolin; T Zelenova; J-P Zendri; M Zevin; L Zhang; M Zhang; T Zhang; Y-H Zhang; C Zhao; M Zhou; Z Zhou; S J Zhu; X J Zhu; A B Zimmerman; M E Zucker; J Zweizig Journal: Phys Rev Lett Date: 2017-10-16 Impact factor: 9.161
Authors: B P Abbott; R Abbott; T D Abbott; S Abraham; F Acernese; K Ackley; C Adams; V B Adya; C Affeldt; M Agathos; K Agatsuma; N Aggarwal; O D Aguiar; L Aiello; A Ain; P Ajith; T Akutsu; G Allen; A Allocca; M A Aloy; P A Altin; A Amato; A Ananyeva; S B Anderson; W G Anderson; M Ando; S V Angelova; S Antier; S Appert; K Arai; Koya Arai; Y Arai; S Araki; A Araya; M C Araya; J S Areeda; M Arène; N Aritomi; N Arnaud; K G Arun; S Ascenzi; G Ashton; Y Aso; S M Aston; P Astone; F Aubin; P Aufmuth; K AultONeal; C Austin; V Avendano; A Avila-Alvarez; S Babak; P Bacon; F Badaracco; M K M Bader; S W Bae; Y B Bae; L Baiotti; R Bajpai; P T Baker; F Baldaccini; G Ballardin; S W Ballmer; S Banagiri; J C Barayoga; S E Barclay; B C Barish; D Barker; K Barkett; S Barnum; F Barone; B Barr; L Barsotti; M Barsuglia; D Barta; J Bartlett; M A Barton; I Bartos; R Bassiri; A Basti; M Bawaj; J C Bayley; M Bazzan; B Bécsy; M Bejger; I Belahcene; A S Bell; D Beniwal; B K Berger; G Bergmann; S Bernuzzi; J J Bero; C P L Berry; D Bersanetti; A Bertolini; J Betzwieser; R Bhandare; J Bidler; I A Bilenko; S A Bilgili; G Billingsley; J Birch; R Birney; O Birnholtz; S Biscans; S Biscoveanu; A Bisht; M Bitossi; M A Bizouard; J K Blackburn; C D Blair; D G Blair; R M Blair; S Bloemen; N Bode; M Boer; Y Boetzel; G Bogaert; F Bondu; E Bonilla; R Bonnand; P Booker; B A Boom; C D Booth; R Bork; V Boschi; S Bose; K Bossie; V Bossilkov; J Bosveld; Y Bouffanais; A Bozzi; C Bradaschia; P R Brady; A Bramley; M Branchesi; J E Brau; T Briant; J H Briggs; F Brighenti; A Brillet; M Brinkmann; V Brisson; P Brockill; A F Brooks; D A Brown; D D Brown; S Brunett; A Buikema; T Bulik; H J Bulten; A Buonanno; D Buskulic; C Buy; R L Byer; M Cabero; L Cadonati; G Cagnoli; C Cahillane; J Calderón Bustillo; T A Callister; E Calloni; J B Camp; W A Campbell; M Canepa; K Cannon; K C Cannon; H Cao; J Cao; E Capocasa; F Carbognani; S Caride; M F Carney; G Carullo; J Casanueva Diaz; C Casentini; S Caudill; M Cavaglià; F Cavalier; R Cavalieri; G Cella; P Cerdá-Durán; G Cerretani; E Cesarini; O Chaibi; K Chakravarti; S J Chamberlin; M Chan; M L Chan; S Chao; P Charlton; E A Chase; E Chassande-Mottin; D Chatterjee; M Chaturvedi; K Chatziioannou; B D Cheeseboro; C S Chen; H Y Chen; K H Chen; X Chen; Y Chen; Y R Chen; H-P Cheng; C K Cheong; H Y Chia; A Chincarini; A Chiummo; G Cho; H S Cho; M Cho; N Christensen; H Y Chu; Q Chu; Y K Chu; S Chua; K W Chung; S Chung; G Ciani; A A Ciobanu; R Ciolfi; F Cipriano; A Cirone; F Clara; J A Clark; P Clearwater; F Cleva; C Cocchieri; E Coccia; P-F Cohadon; D Cohen; R Colgan; M Colleoni; C G Collette; C Collins; L R Cominsky; M Constancio; L Conti; S J Cooper; P Corban; T R Corbitt; I Cordero-Carrión; K R Corley; N Cornish; A Corsi; S Cortese; C A Costa; R Cotesta; M W Coughlin; S B Coughlin; J-P Coulon; S T Countryman; P Couvares; P B Covas; E E Cowan; D M Coward; M J Cowart; D C Coyne; R Coyne; J D E Creighton; T D Creighton; J Cripe; M Croquette; S G Crowder; T J Cullen; A Cumming; L Cunningham; E Cuoco; T Dal Canton; G Dálya; S L Danilishin; S D'Antonio; K Danzmann; A Dasgupta; C F Da Silva Costa; L E H Datrier; V Dattilo; I Dave; M Davier; D Davis; E J Daw; D DeBra; M Deenadayalan; J Degallaix; M De Laurentis; S Deléglise; W Del Pozzo; L M DeMarchi; N Demos; T Dent; R De Pietri; J Derby; R De Rosa; C De Rossi; R DeSalvo; O de Varona; S Dhurandhar; M C Díaz; T Dietrich; L Di Fiore; M Di Giovanni; T Di Girolamo; A Di Lieto; B Ding; S Di Pace; I Di Palma; F Di Renzo; A Dmitriev; Z Doctor; K Doi; F Donovan; K L Dooley; S Doravari; I Dorrington; T P Downes; M Drago; J C Driggers; Z Du; J-G Ducoin; P Dupej; S E Dwyer; P J Easter; T B Edo; M C Edwards; A Effler; S Eguchi; P Ehrens; J Eichholz; S S Eikenberry; M Eisenmann; R A Eisenstein; Y Enomoto; R C Essick; H Estelles; D Estevez; Z B Etienne; T Etzel; M Evans; T M Evans; V Fafone; H Fair; S Fairhurst; X Fan; S Farinon; B Farr; W M Farr; E J Fauchon-Jones; M Favata; M Fays; M Fazio; C Fee; J Feicht; M M Fejer; F Feng; A Fernandez-Galiana; I Ferrante; E C Ferreira; T A Ferreira; F Ferrini; F Fidecaro; I Fiori; D Fiorucci; M Fishbach; R P Fisher; J M Fishner; M Fitz-Axen; R Flaminio; M Fletcher; E Flynn; H Fong; J A Font; P W F Forsyth; J-D Fournier; S Frasca; F Frasconi; Z Frei; A Freise; R Frey; V Frey; P Fritschel; V V Frolov; Y Fujii; M Fukunaga; M Fukushima; P Fulda; M Fyffe; H A Gabbard; B U Gadre; S M Gaebel; J R Gair; L Gammaitoni; M R Ganija; S G Gaonkar; A Garcia; C García-Quirós; F Garufi; B Gateley; S Gaudio; G Gaur; V Gayathri; G G Ge; G Gemme; E Genin; A Gennai; D George; J George; L Gergely; V Germain; S Ghonge; Abhirup Ghosh; Archisman Ghosh; S Ghosh; B Giacomazzo; J A Giaime; K D Giardina; A Giazotto; K Gill; G Giordano; L Glover; P Godwin; E Goetz; R Goetz; B Goncharov; G González; J M Gonzalez Castro; A Gopakumar; M L Gorodetsky; S E Gossan; M Gosselin; R Gouaty; A Grado; C Graef; M Granata; A Grant; S Gras; P Grassia; C Gray; R Gray; G Greco; A C Green; R Green; E M Gretarsson; P Groot; H Grote; S Grunewald; P Gruning; G M Guidi; H K Gulati; Y Guo; A Gupta; M K Gupta; E K Gustafson; R Gustafson; L Haegel; A Hagiwara; S Haino; O Halim; B R Hall; E D Hall; E Z Hamilton; G Hammond; M Haney; M M Hanke; J Hanks; C Hanna; M D Hannam; O A Hannuksela; J Hanson; T Hardwick; K Haris; J Harms; G M Harry; I W Harry; K Hasegawa; C-J Haster; K Haughian; H Hayakawa; K Hayama; F J Hayes; J Healy; A Heidmann; M C Heintze; H Heitmann; P Hello; G Hemming; M Hendry; I S Heng; J Hennig; A W Heptonstall; M Heurs; S Hild; Y Himemoto; T Hinderer; Y Hiranuma; N Hirata; E Hirose; D Hoak; S Hochheim; D Hofman; A M Holgado; N A Holland; K Holt; D E Holz; Z Hong; P Hopkins; C Horst; J Hough; E J Howell; C G Hoy; A Hreibi; B H Hsieh; G Z Huang; P W Huang; Y J Huang; E A Huerta; D Huet; B Hughey; M Hulko; S Husa; S H Huttner; T Huynh-Dinh; B Idzkowski; A Iess; B Ikenoue; S Imam; K Inayoshi; C Ingram; Y Inoue; R Inta; G Intini; K Ioka; B Irwin; H N Isa; J-M Isac; M Isi; Y Itoh; B R Iyer; K Izumi; T Jacqmin; S J Jadhav; K Jani; N N Janthalur; P Jaranowski; A C Jenkins; J Jiang; D S Johnson; A W Jones; D I Jones; R Jones; R J G Jonker; L Ju; K Jung; P Jung; J Junker; T Kajita; C V Kalaghatgi; V Kalogera; B Kamai; M Kamiizumi; N Kanda; S Kandhasamy; G W Kang; J B Kanner; S J Kapadia; S Karki; K S Karvinen; R Kashyap; M Kasprzack; S Katsanevas; E Katsavounidis; W Katzman; S Kaufer; K Kawabe; K Kawaguchi; N Kawai; T Kawasaki; N V Keerthana; F Kéfélian; D Keitel; R Kennedy; J S Key; F Y Khalili; H Khan; I Khan; S Khan; Z Khan; E A Khazanov; M Khursheed; N Kijbunchoo; Chunglee Kim; C Kim; J C Kim; J Kim; K Kim; W Kim; W S Kim; Y-M Kim; C Kimball; N Kimura; E J King; P J King; M Kinley-Hanlon; R Kirchhoff; J S Kissel; N Kita; H Kitazawa; L Kleybolte; J H Klika; S Klimenko; T D Knowles; E Knyazev; P Koch; S M Koehlenbeck; G Koekoek; Y Kojima; K Kokeyama; S Koley; K Komori; V Kondrashov; A K H Kong; A Kontos; N Koper; M Korobko; W Z Korth; K Kotake; I Kowalska; D B Kozak; C Kozakai; R Kozu; V Kringel; N Krishnendu; A Królak; G Kuehn; A Kumar; P Kumar; Rahul Kumar; R Kumar; S Kumar; J Kume; C M Kuo; H S Kuo; L Kuo; S Kuroyanagi; K Kusayanagi; A Kutynia; K Kwak; S Kwang; B D Lackey; K H Lai; T L Lam; M Landry; B B Lane; R N Lang; J Lange; B Lantz; R K Lanza; A Lartaux-Vollard; P D Lasky; M Laxen; A Lazzarini; C Lazzaro; P Leaci; S Leavey; Y K Lecoeuche; C H Lee; H K Lee; H M Lee; H W Lee; J Lee; K Lee; R K Lee; J Lehmann; A Lenon; M Leonardi; N Leroy; N Letendre; Y Levin; J Li; K J L Li; T G F Li; X Li; C Y Lin; F Lin; F L Lin; L C C Lin; F Linde; S D Linker; T B Littenberg; G C Liu; J Liu; X Liu; R K L Lo; N A Lockerbie; L T London; A Longo; M Lorenzini; V Loriette; M Lormand; G Losurdo; J D Lough; C O Lousto; G Lovelace; M E Lower; H Lück; D Lumaca; A P Lundgren; L W Luo; R Lynch; Y Ma; R Macas; S Macfoy; M MacInnis; D M Macleod; A Macquet; F Magaña-Sandoval; L Magaña Zertuche; R M Magee; E Majorana; I Maksimovic; A Malik; N Man; V Mandic; V Mangano; G L Mansell; M Manske; M Mantovani; F Marchesoni; M Marchio; F Marion; S Márka; Z Márka; C Markakis; A S Markosyan; A Markowitz; E Maros; A Marquina; S Marsat; F Martelli; I W Martin; R M Martin; D V Martynov; K Mason; E Massera; A Masserot; T J Massinger; M Masso-Reid; S Mastrogiovanni; A Matas; F Matichard; L Matone; N Mavalvala; N Mazumder; J J McCann; R McCarthy; D E McClelland; S McCormick; L McCuller; S C McGuire; J McIver; D J McManus; T McRae; S T McWilliams; D Meacher; G D Meadors; M Mehmet; A K Mehta; J Meidam; A Melatos; G Mendell; R A Mercer; L Mereni; E L Merilh; M Merzougui; S Meshkov; C Messenger; C Messick; R Metzdorff; P M Meyers; H Miao; C Michel; Y Michimura; H Middleton; E E Mikhailov; L Milano; A L Miller; A Miller; M Millhouse; J C Mills; M C Milovich-Goff; O Minazzoli; Y Minenkov; N Mio; A Mishkin; C Mishra; T Mistry; S Mitra; V P Mitrofanov; G Mitselmakher; R Mittleman; O Miyakawa; A Miyamoto; Y Miyazaki; K Miyo; S Miyoki; G Mo; D Moffa; K Mogushi; S R P Mohapatra; M Montani; C J Moore; D Moraru; G Moreno; S Morisaki; Y Moriwaki; B Mours; C M Mow-Lowry; Arunava Mukherjee; D Mukherjee; S Mukherjee; N Mukund; A Mullavey; J Munch; E A Muñiz; M Muratore; P G Murray; K Nagano; S Nagano; A Nagar; K Nakamura; H Nakano; M Nakano; R Nakashima; I Nardecchia; T Narikawa; L Naticchioni; R K Nayak; R Negishi; J Neilson; G Nelemans; T J N Nelson; M Nery; A Neunzert; K Y Ng; S Ng; P Nguyen; W T Ni; D Nichols; A Nishizawa; S Nissanke; F Nocera; C North; L K Nuttall; M Obergaulinger; J Oberling; B D O'Brien; Y Obuchi; G D O'Dea; W Ogaki; G H Ogin; J J Oh; S H Oh; M Ohashi; N Ohishi; M Ohkawa; F Ohme; H Ohta; M A Okada; K Okutomi; M Oliver; K Oohara; C P Ooi; P Oppermann; Richard J Oram; B O'Reilly; R G Ormiston; L F Ortega; R O'Shaughnessy; S Oshino; S Ossokine; D J Ottaway; H Overmier; B J Owen; A E Pace; G Pagano; M A Page; A Pai; S A Pai; J R Palamos; O Palashov; C Palomba; A Pal-Singh; Huang-Wei Pan; K C Pan; B Pang; H F Pang; P T H Pang; C Pankow; F Pannarale; B C Pant; F Paoletti; A Paoli; M A Papa; A Parida; J Park; W Parker; D Pascucci; A Pasqualetti; R Passaquieti; D Passuello; M Patil; B Patricelli; B L Pearlstone; C Pedersen; M Pedraza; R Pedurand; A Pele; F E Peña Arellano; S Penn; C J Perez; A Perreca; H P Pfeiffer; M Phelps; K S Phukon; O J Piccinni; M Pichot; F Piergiovanni; G Pillant; L Pinard; I Pinto; M Pirello; M Pitkin; R Poggiani; D Y T Pong; S Ponrathnam; P Popolizio; E K Porter; J Powell; A K Prajapati; J Prasad; K Prasai; R Prasanna; G Pratten; T Prestegard; S Privitera; G A Prodi; L G Prokhorov; O Puncken; M Punturo; P Puppo; M Pürrer; H Qi; V Quetschke; P J Quinonez; E A Quintero; R Quitzow-James; F J Raab; H Radkins; N Radulescu; P Raffai; S Raja; C Rajan; B Rajbhandari; M Rakhmanov; K E Ramirez; A Ramos-Buades; Javed Rana; K Rao; P Rapagnani; V Raymond; M Razzano; J Read; T Regimbau; L Rei; S Reid; D H Reitze; W Ren; F Ricci; C J Richardson; J W Richardson; P M Ricker; K Riles; M Rizzo; N A Robertson; R Robie; F Robinet; A Rocchi; L Rolland; J G Rollins; V J Roma; M Romanelli; R Romano; C L Romel; J H Romie; K Rose; D Rosińska; S G Rosofsky; M P Ross; S Rowan; A Rüdiger; P Ruggi; G Rutins; K Ryan; S Sachdev; T Sadecki; N Sago; S Saito; Y Saito; K Sakai; Y Sakai; H Sakamoto; M Sakellariadou; Y Sakuno; L Salconi; M Saleem; A Samajdar; L Sammut; E J Sanchez; L E Sanchez; N Sanchis-Gual; V Sandberg; J R Sanders; K A Santiago; N Sarin; B Sassolas; B S Sathyaprakash; S Sato; T Sato; O Sauter; R L Savage; T Sawada; P Schale; M Scheel; J Scheuer; P Schmidt; R Schnabel; R M S Schofield; A Schönbeck; E Schreiber; B W Schulte; B F Schutz; S G Schwalbe; J Scott; S M Scott; E Seidel; T Sekiguchi; Y Sekiguchi; D Sellers; A S Sengupta; N Sennett; D Sentenac; V Sequino; A Sergeev; Y Setyawati; D A Shaddock; T Shaffer; M S Shahriar; M B Shaner; L Shao; P Sharma; P Shawhan; H Shen; S Shibagaki; R Shimizu; T Shimoda; K Shimode; R Shink; H Shinkai; T Shishido; A Shoda; D H Shoemaker; D M Shoemaker; S ShyamSundar; K Siellez; M Sieniawska; D Sigg; A D Silva; L P Singer; N Singh; A Singhal; A M Sintes; S Sitmukhambetov; V Skliris; B J J Slagmolen; T J Slaven-Blair; J R Smith; R J E Smith; S Somala; K Somiya; E J Son; B Sorazu; F Sorrentino; H Sotani; T Souradeep; E Sowell; A P Spencer; A K Srivastava; V Srivastava; K Staats; C Stachie; M Standke; D A Steer; M Steinke; J Steinlechner; S Steinlechner; D Steinmeyer; S P Stevenson; D Stocks; R Stone; D J Stops; K A Strain; G Stratta; S E Strigin; A Strunk; R Sturani; A L Stuver; V Sudhir; R Sugimoto; T Z Summerscales; L Sun; S Sunil; J Suresh; P J Sutton; Takamasa Suzuki; Toshikazu Suzuki; B L Swinkels; M J Szczepańczyk; M Tacca; H Tagoshi; S C Tait; H Takahashi; R Takahashi; A Takamori; S Takano; H Takeda; M Takeda; C Talbot; D Talukder; H Tanaka; Kazuyuki Tanaka; Kenta Tanaka; Taiki Tanaka; Takahiro Tanaka; S Tanioka; D B Tanner; M Tápai; E N Tapia San Martin; A Taracchini; J D Tasson; R Taylor; S Telada; F Thies; M Thomas; P Thomas; S R Thondapu; K A Thorne; E Thrane; Shubhanshu Tiwari; Srishti Tiwari; V Tiwari; K Toland; T Tomaru; Y Tomigami; T Tomura; M Tonelli; Z Tornasi; A Torres-Forné; C I Torrie; D Töyrä; F Travasso; G Traylor; M C Tringali; A Trovato; L Trozzo; R Trudeau; K W Tsang; T T L Tsang; M Tse; R Tso; K Tsubono; S Tsuchida; L Tsukada; D Tsuna; T Tsuzuki; D Tuyenbayev; N Uchikata; T Uchiyama; A Ueda; T Uehara; K Ueno; G Ueshima; D Ugolini; C S Unnikrishnan; F Uraguchi; A L Urban; T Ushiba; S A Usman; H Vahlbruch; G Vajente; G Valdes; N van Bakel; M van Beuzekom; J F J van den Brand; C Van Den Broeck; D C Vander-Hyde; L van der Schaaf; J V van Heijningen; M H P M van Putten; A A van Veggel; M Vardaro; V Varma; S Vass; M Vasúth; A Vecchio; G Vedovato; J Veitch; P J Veitch; K Venkateswara; G Venugopalan; D Verkindt; F Vetrano; A Viceré; A D Viets; D J Vine; J-Y Vinet; S Vitale; Francisco Hernandez Vivanco; T Vo; H Vocca; C Vorvick; S P Vyatchanin; A R Wade; L E Wade; M Wade; R Walet; M Walker; L Wallace; S Walsh; G Wang; H Wang; J Wang; J Z Wang; W H Wang; Y F Wang; R L Ward; Z A Warden; J Warner; M Was; J Watchi; B Weaver; L-W Wei; M Weinert; A J Weinstein; R Weiss; F Wellmann; L Wen; E K Wessel; P Weßels; J W Westhouse; K Wette; J T Whelan; B F Whiting; C Whittle; D M Wilken; D Williams; A R Williamson; J L Willis; B Willke; M H Wimmer; W Winkler; C C Wipf; H Wittel; G Woan; J Woehler; J K Wofford; J Worden; J L Wright; C M Wu; D S Wu; H C Wu; S R Wu; D M Wysocki; L Xiao; W R Xu; T Yamada; H Yamamoto; Kazuhiro Yamamoto; Kohei Yamamoto; T Yamamoto; C C Yancey; L Yang; M J Yap; M Yazback; D W Yeeles; K Yokogawa; J Yokoyama; T Yokozawa; T Yoshioka; Hang Yu; Haocun Yu; S H R Yuen; H Yuzurihara; M Yvert; A K Zadrożny; M Zanolin; S Zeidler; T Zelenova; J-P Zendri; M Zevin; J Zhang; L Zhang; T Zhang; C Zhao; Y Zhao; M Zhou; Z Zhou; X J Zhu; Z H Zhu; A B Zimmerman; M E Zucker; J Zweizig Journal: Living Rev Relativ Date: 2020-09-28 Impact factor: 40.429
Authors: B P Abbott; R Abbott; T D Abbott; M R Abernathy; F Acernese; K Ackley; C Adams; T Adams; P Addesso; R X Adhikari; V B Adya; C Affeldt; M Agathos; K Agatsuma; N Aggarwal; O D Aguiar; L Aiello; A Ain; P Ajith; T Akutsu; B Allen; A Allocca; P A Altin; A Ananyeva; S B Anderson; W G Anderson; M Ando; S Appert; K Arai; A Araya; M C Araya; J S Areeda; N Arnaud; K G Arun; H Asada; S Ascenzi; G Ashton; Y Aso; M Ast; S M Aston; P Astone; S Atsuta; P Aufmuth; C Aulbert; A Avila-Alvarez; K Awai; S Babak; P Bacon; M K M Bader; L Baiotti; P T Baker; F Baldaccini; G Ballardin; S W Ballmer; J C Barayoga; S E Barclay; B C Barish; D Barker; F Barone; B Barr; L Barsotti; M Barsuglia; D Barta; J Bartlett; M A Barton; I Bartos; R Bassiri; A Basti; J C Batch; C Baune; V Bavigadda; M Bazzan; B Bécsy; C Beer; M Bejger; I Belahcene; M Belgin; A S Bell; B K Berger; G Bergmann; C P L Berry; D Bersanetti; A Bertolini; J Betzwieser; S Bhagwat; R Bhandare; I A Bilenko; G Billingsley; C R Billman; J Birch; R Birney; O Birnholtz; S Biscans; A Bisht; M Bitossi; C Biwer; M A Bizouard; J K Blackburn; J Blackman; C D Blair; D G Blair; R M Blair; S Bloemen; O Bock; M Boer; G Bogaert; A Bohe; F Bondu; R Bonnand; B A Boom; R Bork; V Boschi; S Bose; Y Bouffanais; A Bozzi; C Bradaschia; P R Brady; V B Braginsky; M Branchesi; J E Brau; T Briant; A Brillet; M Brinkmann; V Brisson; P Brockill; J E Broida; A F Brooks; D A Brown; D D Brown; N M Brown; S Brunett; C C Buchanan; A Buikema; T Bulik; H J Bulten; A Buonanno; D Buskulic; C Buy; R L Byer; M Cabero; L Cadonati; G Cagnoli; C Cahillane; J Calderón Bustillo; T A Callister; E Calloni; J B Camp; K C Cannon; H Cao; J Cao; C D Capano; E Capocasa; F Carbognani; S Caride; J Casanueva Diaz; C Casentini; S Caudill; M Cavaglià; F Cavalier; R Cavalieri; G Cella; C B Cepeda; L Cerboni Baiardi; G Cerretani; E Cesarini; S J Chamberlin; M Chan; S Chao; P Charlton; E Chassande-Mottin; B D Cheeseboro; H Y Chen; Y Chen; H-P Cheng; A Chincarini; A Chiummo; T Chmiel; H S Cho; M Cho; J H Chow; N Christensen; Q Chu; A J K Chua; S Chua; S Chung; G Ciani; F Clara; J A Clark; F Cleva; C Cocchieri; E Coccia; P-F Cohadon; A Colla; C G Collette; L Cominsky; M Constancio; L Conti; S J Cooper; T R Corbitt; N Cornish; A Corsi; S Cortese; C A Costa; M W Coughlin; S B Coughlin; J-P Coulon; S T Countryman; P Couvares; P B Covas; E E Cowan; D M Coward; M J Cowart; D C Coyne; R Coyne; J D E Creighton; T D Creighton; J Cripe; S G Crowder; T J Cullen; A Cumming; L Cunningham; E Cuoco; T Dal Canton; S L Danilishin; S D'Antonio; K Danzmann; A Dasgupta; C F Da Silva Costa; V Dattilo; I Dave; M Davier; G S Davies; D Davis; E J Daw; B Day; R Day; S De; D DeBra; G Debreczeni; J Degallaix; M De Laurentis; S Deléglise; W Del Pozzo; T Denker; T Dent; V Dergachev; R De Rosa; R T DeRosa; R DeSalvo; R C Devine; S Dhurandhar; M C Díaz; L Di Fiore; M Di Giovanni; T Di Girolamo; A Di Lieto; S Di Pace; I Di Palma; A Di Virgilio; Z Doctor; K Doi; V Dolique; F Donovan; K L Dooley; S Doravari; I Dorrington; R Douglas; M Dovale Álvarez; T P Downes; M Drago; R W P Drever; J C Driggers; Z Du; M Ducrot; S E Dwyer; K Eda; T B Edo; M C Edwards; A Effler; H-B Eggenstein; P Ehrens; J Eichholz; S S Eikenberry; R A Eisenstein; R C Essick; Z Etienne; T Etzel; M Evans; T M Evans; R Everett; M Factourovich; V Fafone; H Fair; S Fairhurst; X Fan; S Farinon; B Farr; W M Farr; E J Fauchon-Jones; M Favata; M Fays; H Fehrmann; M M Fejer; A Fernández Galiana; I Ferrante; E C Ferreira; F Ferrini; F Fidecaro; I Fiori; D Fiorucci; R P Fisher; R Flaminio; M Fletcher; H Fong; S S Forsyth; J-D Fournier; S Frasca; F Frasconi; Z Frei; A Freise; R Frey; V Frey; E M Fries; P Fritschel; V V Frolov; Y Fujii; M-K Fujimoto; P Fulda; M Fyffe; H Gabbard; B U Gadre; S M Gaebel; J R Gair; L Gammaitoni; S G Gaonkar; F Garufi; G Gaur; V Gayathri; N Gehrels; G Gemme; E Genin; A Gennai; J George; L Gergely; V Germain; S Ghonge; Abhirup Ghosh; Archisman Ghosh; S Ghosh; J A Giaime; K D Giardina; A Giazotto; K Gill; A Glaefke; E Goetz; R Goetz; L Gondan; G González; J M Gonzalez Castro; A Gopakumar; M L Gorodetsky; S E Gossan; M Gosselin; R Gouaty; A Grado; C Graef; M Granata; A Grant; S Gras; C Gray; G Greco; A C Green; P Groot; H Grote; S Grunewald; G M Guidi; X Guo; A Gupta; M K Gupta; K E Gushwa; E K Gustafson; R Gustafson; J J Hacker; A Hagiwara; B R Hall; E D Hall; G Hammond; M Haney; M M Hanke; J Hanks; C Hanna; M D Hannam; J Hanson; T Hardwick; J Harms; G M Harry; I W Harry; M J Hart; M T Hartman; C-J Haster; K Haughian; K Hayama; J Healy; A Heidmann; M C Heintze; H Heitmann; P Hello; G Hemming; M Hendry; I S Heng; J Hennig; J Henry; A W Heptonstall; M Heurs; S Hild; E Hirose; D Hoak; D Hofman; K Holt; D E Holz; P Hopkins; J Hough; E A Houston; E J Howell; Y M Hu; E A Huerta; D Huet; B Hughey; S Husa; S H Huttner; T Huynh-Dinh; N Indik; D R Ingram; R Inta; K Ioka; H N Isa; J-M Isac; M Isi; T Isogai; Y Itoh; B R Iyer; K Izumi; T Jacqmin; K Jani; P Jaranowski; S Jawahar; F Jiménez-Forteza; W W Johnson; D I Jones; R Jones; R J G Jonker; L Ju; J Junker; T Kagawa; T Kajita; M Kakizaki; C V Kalaghatgi; V Kalogera; M Kamiizumi; N Kanda; S Kandhasamy; S Kanemura; M Kaneyama; G Kang; J B Kanner; S Karki; K S Karvinen; M Kasprzack; Y Kataoka; E Katsavounidis; W Katzman; S Kaufer; T Kaur; K Kawabe; N Kawai; S Kawamura; F Kéfélian; D Keitel; D B Kelley; R Kennedy; J S Key; F Y Khalili; I Khan; S Khan; Z Khan; E A Khazanov; N Kijbunchoo; C Kim; H Kim; J C Kim; J Kim; W Kim; Y-M Kim; S J Kimbrell; N Kimura; E J King; P J King; R Kirchhoff; J S Kissel; B Klein; L Kleybolte; S Klimenko; P Koch; S M Koehlenbeck; Y Kojima; K Kokeyama; S Koley; K Komori; V Kondrashov; A Kontos; M Korobko; W Z Korth; K Kotake; I Kowalska; D B Kozak; C Krämer; V Kringel; B Krishnan; A Królak; G Kuehn; P Kumar; Rahul Kumar; Rakesh Kumar; L Kuo; K Kuroda; A Kutynia; Y Kuwahara; B D Lackey; M Landry; R N Lang; J Lange; B Lantz; R K Lanza; A Lartaux-Vollard; P D Lasky; M Laxen; A Lazzarini; C Lazzaro; P Leaci; S Leavey; E O Lebigot; C H Lee; H K Lee; H M Lee; H W Lee; K Lee; J Lehmann; A Lenon; M Leonardi; J R Leong; N Leroy; N Letendre; Y Levin; T G F Li; A Libson; T B Littenberg; J Liu; N A Lockerbie; A L Lombardi; L T London; J E Lord; M Lorenzini; V Loriette; M Lormand; G Losurdo; J D Lough; C O Lousto; G Lovelace; H Lück; A P Lundgren; R Lynch; Y Ma; S Macfoy; B Machenschalk; M MacInnis; D M Macleod; F Magaña-Sandoval; E Majorana; I Maksimovic; V Malvezzi; N Man; V Mandic; V Mangano; S Mano; G L Mansell; M Manske; M Mantovani; F Marchesoni; M Marchio; F Marion; S Márka; Z Márka; A S Markosyan; E Maros; F Martelli; L Martellini; I W Martin; D V Martynov; K Mason; A Masserot; T J Massinger; M Masso-Reid; S Mastrogiovanni; F Matichard; L Matone; N Matsumoto; F Matsushima; N Mavalvala; N Mazumder; R McCarthy; D E McClelland; S McCormick; C McGrath; S C McGuire; G McIntyre; J McIver; D J McManus; T McRae; S T McWilliams; D Meacher; G D Meadors; J Meidam; A Melatos; G Mendell; D Mendoza-Gandara; R A Mercer; E L Merilh; M Merzougui; S Meshkov; C Messenger; C Messick; R Metzdorff; P M Meyers; F Mezzani; H Miao; C Michel; Y Michimura; H Middleton; E E Mikhailov; L Milano; A L Miller; A Miller; B B Miller; J Miller; M Millhouse; Y Minenkov; J Ming; S Mirshekari; C Mishra; V P Mitrofanov; G Mitselmakher; R Mittleman; O Miyakawa; A Miyamoto; T Miyamoto; S Miyoki; A Moggi; M Mohan; S R P Mohapatra; M Montani; B C Moore; C J Moore; D Moraru; G Moreno; W Morii; S Morisaki; Y Moriwaki; S R Morriss; B Mours; C M Mow-Lowry; G Mueller; A W Muir; Arunava Mukherjee; D Mukherjee; S Mukherjee; N Mukund; A Mullavey; J Munch; E A M Muniz; P G Murray; A Mytidis; S Nagano; K Nakamura; T Nakamura; H Nakano; Masaya Nakano; Masayuki Nakano; K Nakao; K Napier; I Nardecchia; T Narikawa; L Naticchioni; G Nelemans; T J N Nelson; M Neri; M Nery; A Neunzert; J M Newport; G Newton; T T Nguyen; W-T Ni; A B Nielsen; S Nissanke; A Nitz; A Noack; F Nocera; D Nolting; M E N Normandin; L K Nuttall; J Oberling; E Ochsner; E Oelker; G H Ogin; J J Oh; S H Oh; M Ohashi; N Ohishi; M Ohkawa; F Ohme; K Okutomi; M Oliver; K Ono; Y Ono; K Oohara; P Oppermann; Richard J Oram; B O'Reilly; R O'Shaughnessy; D J Ottaway; H Overmier; B J Owen; A E Pace; J Page; A Pai; S A Pai; J R Palamos; O Palashov; C Palomba; A Pal-Singh; H Pan; C Pankow; F Pannarale; B C Pant; F Paoletti; A Paoli; M A Papa; H R Paris; W Parker; D Pascucci; A Pasqualetti; R Passaquieti; D Passuello; B Patricelli; B L Pearlstone; M Pedraza; R Pedurand; L Pekowsky; A Pele; F E Peña Arellano; S Penn; C J Perez; A Perreca; L M Perri; H P Pfeiffer; M Phelps; O J Piccinni; M Pichot; F Piergiovanni; V Pierro; G Pillant; L Pinard; I M Pinto; M Pitkin; M Poe; R Poggiani; P Popolizio; A Post; J Powell; J Prasad; J W W Pratt; V Predoi; T Prestegard; M Prijatelj; M Principe; S Privitera; G A Prodi; L G Prokhorov; O Puncken; M Punturo; P Puppo; M Pürrer; H Qi; J Qin; S Qiu; V Quetschke; E A Quintero; R Quitzow-James; F J Raab; D S Rabeling; H Radkins; P Raffai; S Raja; C Rajan; M Rakhmanov; P Rapagnani; V Raymond; M Razzano; V Re; J Read; T Regimbau; L Rei; S Reid; D H Reitze; H Rew; S D Reyes; E Rhoades; F Ricci; K Riles; M Rizzo; N A Robertson; R Robie; F Robinet; A Rocchi; L Rolland; J G Rollins; V J Roma; R Romano; J H Romie; D Rosińska; S Rowan; A Rüdiger; P Ruggi; K Ryan; S Sachdev; T Sadecki; L Sadeghian; N Sago; M Saijo; Y Saito; K Sakai; M Sakellariadou; L Salconi; M Saleem; F Salemi; A Samajdar; L Sammut; L M Sampson; E J Sanchez; V Sandberg; J R Sanders; Y Sasaki; B Sassolas; B S Sathyaprakash; S Sato; T Sato; P R Saulson; O Sauter; R L Savage; A Sawadsky; P Schale; J Scheuer; E Schmidt; J Schmidt; P Schmidt; R Schnabel; R M S Schofield; A Schönbeck; E Schreiber; D Schuette; B F Schutz; S G Schwalbe; J Scott; S M Scott; T Sekiguchi; Y Sekiguchi; D Sellers; A S Sengupta; D Sentenac; V Sequino; A Sergeev; Y Setyawati; D A Shaddock; T J Shaffer; M S Shahriar; B Shapiro; P Shawhan; A Sheperd; M Shibata; Y Shikano; T Shimoda; A Shoda; D H Shoemaker; D M Shoemaker; K Siellez; X Siemens; M Sieniawska; D Sigg; A D Silva; A Singer; L P Singer; A Singh; R Singh; A Singhal; A M Sintes; B J J Slagmolen; B Smith; J R Smith; R J E Smith; K Somiya; E J Son; B Sorazu; F Sorrentino; T Souradeep; A P Spencer; A K Srivastava; A Staley; M Steinke; J Steinlechner; S Steinlechner; D Steinmeyer; B C Stephens; S P Stevenson; R Stone; K A Strain; N Straniero; G Stratta; S E Strigin; R Sturani; A L Stuver; Y Sugimoto; T Z Summerscales; L Sun; S Sunil; P J Sutton; T Suzuki; B L Swinkels; M J Szczepańczyk; M Tacca; H Tagoshi; S Takada; H Takahashi; R Takahashi; A Takamori; D Talukder; H Tanaka; K Tanaka; T Tanaka; D B Tanner; M Tápai; A Taracchini; D Tatsumi; R Taylor; S Telada; T Theeg; E G Thomas; M Thomas; P Thomas; K A Thorne; E Thrane; T Tippens; S Tiwari; V Tiwari; K V Tokmakov; K Toland; T Tomaru; C Tomlinson; M Tonelli; Z Tornasi; C I Torrie; D Töyrä; F Travasso; G Traylor; D Trifirò; J Trinastic; M C Tringali; L Trozzo; M Tse; R Tso; K Tsubono; T Tsuzuki; M Turconi; D Tuyenbayev; T Uchiyama; T Uehara; S Ueki; K Ueno; D Ugolini; C S Unnikrishnan; A L Urban; T Ushiba; S A Usman; H Vahlbruch; G Vajente; G Valdes; N van Bakel; M van Beuzekom; J F J van den Brand; C Van Den Broeck; D C Vander-Hyde; L van der Schaaf; J V van Heijningen; M H P M van Putten; A A van Veggel; M Vardaro; V Varma; S Vass; M Vasúth; A Vecchio; G Vedovato; J Veitch; P J Veitch; K Venkateswara; G Venugopalan; D Verkindt; F Vetrano; A Viceré; A D Viets; S Vinciguerra; D J Vine; J-Y Vinet; S Vitale; T Vo; H Vocca; C Vorvick; D V Voss; W D Vousden; S P Vyatchanin; A R Wade; L E Wade; M Wade; T Wakamatsu; M Walker; L Wallace; S Walsh; G Wang; H Wang; M Wang; Y Wang; R L Ward; J Warner; M Was; J Watchi; B Weaver; L-W Wei; M Weinert; A J Weinstein; R Weiss; L Wen; P Weßels; T Westphal; K Wette; J T Whelan; B F Whiting; C Whittle; D Williams; R D Williams; A R Williamson; J L Willis; B Willke; M H Wimmer; W Winkler; C C Wipf; H Wittel; G Woan; J Woehler; J Worden; J L Wright; D S Wu; G Wu; W Yam; H Yamamoto; K Yamamoto; T Yamamoto; C C Yancey; K Yano; M J Yap; J Yokoyama; T Yokozawa; T H Yoon; Hang Yu; Haocun Yu; H Yuzurihara; M Yvert; A Zadrożny; L Zangrando; M Zanolin; S Zeidler; J-P Zendri; M Zevin; L Zhang; M Zhang; T Zhang; Y Zhang; C Zhao; M Zhou; Z Zhou; S J Zhu; X J Zhu; M E Zucker; J Zweizig Journal: Living Rev Relativ Date: 2018-04-26 Impact factor: 40.429