| Literature DB >> 29093601 |
Volker Möbus1, Susanne Hell2, Marcus Schmidt3.
Abstract
Oncologic therapy is currently undergoing significant changes. A number of innovative targeted medications currently in clinical development have raised high expectations. With that in mind, discussions about terms such as "clinical benefit" and "clinical relevance" are highly topical. This also applies to further developments in the field of adjuvant systemic therapies for early-stage breast cancer. As the treatment aim is curative, assessment of the clinical benefit of adjuvant therapies must be largely based on efficacy outcomes. The focus must be on improving disease-free survival rates and lowering the risk of recurrence. Because of the current low mortality rates, statements about overall survival rates are only possible after very long observation periods. Consequently, new drugs in adjuvant therapies should be considered as offering a clinical benefit, if they reduce the risk of recurrence below current low levels of risk. The evidence for established adjuvant therapy standards in early-stage breast cancer can be used as objective criteria for comparison. This review article considers the requirements for clinical benefit of new adjuvant therapies for early breast cancer, based on examples from adjuvant endocrine therapy, adjuvant polychemotherapy and adjuvant anti-HER2 therapy.Entities:
Keywords: adjuvant therapy; clinical benefit; early breast cancer
Year: 2017 PMID: 29093601 PMCID: PMC5658231 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119542
Source DB: PubMed Journal: Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd ISSN: 0016-5751 Impact factor: 2.915
Table 1 Relative and absolute reduction in the risk of recurrence and mortality for early breast cancer following adjuvant endocrine therapy 28 , 29 .
| Intervention | Patients (n) | Recurrence | Mortality | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| After 5 years | After 10 years | Relative risk (95% CI) | After 5 years | After 10 years | Relative risk (95% CI) | ||||||
| Rate | Absolute difference | Rate | Absolute difference | Rate | Absolute difference | Rate | Absolute difference | ||||
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| No ET | 10 386 | 26.5% | − 11.4% | 38.3% | − 13.6% | 13.9% | − 3.5% | 30.7% | − 7.6% | ||
| 5 years of Tam | 15.1% | 24.7% | 10.4% | 23.1% | |||||||
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| 5 years of Tam | 9 885 | 12.1% | − 3.1% | 22.7% | − 3.6% | 0.80 (0.73 – 0.88) | 9.4% | − 1.2% | 24% | − 2.7% | 0.89 (0.8 – 0.97) |
| 5 years of AI | 9.0% | 19.1% | 8.2% | 21.3% | |||||||
| 5 years of Tam | 11 798 | 12.1% | − 2.6% | 19.0% | − 2.0% | 0.82 (0.75 – 0.91) | 8.8% | − 1.7% | 17.5% | − 2.9% | 0.82 (0.73 – 0.91) |
| 2 – 3 years of Tam → AI up to year 5 | 9.5% | 17.0% | 7.1% | 14.6% | |||||||
Table 2 Relative and absolute reduction in recurrence risk and mortality risk of patients with early breast cancer who received adjuvant polychemotherapy 30 .
| Intervention | Patients (n) | Recurrence | Mortality | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| After 5 years | After 10 years | Relative risk (95% CI) | After 5 years | After 10 years | Relative risk (95% CI) | ||||||
| Rate | Absolute difference | Rate | Absolute difference | Rate | Absolute difference | Rate | Absolute difference | ||||
| C: cyclophosphamide, M: methotrexate, F: 5-fluorouracil, N+: lymph node-positive patients | |||||||||||
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| No chemo | 5 253 (N + 34%) | 30.2% | − 9.9% | 39.8% | − 10.2% | 0.70 (0.63 – 0.77) | 16.4% | − 2.7% | 30.7% | − 4.7% | 0.84 (0.76 – 0.93) |
| Standard CMF | 20.3% | 29.6% | 13.7% | 26.0% | |||||||
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| Standard CMF | 5 122 (N + 61%) | 32.9% | − 0.5% | 42.1% | − 1.1% | 0.99 (0.90 – 1.08) | 22.4% | − 0.6% | 34.6% | − 1.2% | 0.97 (0.89 – 1.07) |
| Standard 4AC | 32.4% | 41.0% | 21.8% | 33.4% | |||||||
| CMF | 9 527 (N + 53%) | 25.5% | − 3.2% | 33.8% | − 2.6% | 0.89 (0.82 – 0.96) | 15.7% | − 2.9% | 27.1% | − 3.9% | 0.84 (0.76 – 0.92) |
| A higher cumulative dose | 22.3% | 31.2% | 12.8% | 23.2% | |||||||
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| A (more A) | 33 084 (N + 82%) | 22.0% | − 2.8% | – | – | 0.86 (0.82 – 0.91) | 12.4% | − 1.2% | – | – | 0.90 (0.84 – 0.97) |
| TA | 19.2% | – | 11.2% | – | |||||||
| A (same A) | 11 167 (N + 100%) | 27.3% | − 3.6% | 34.8% | − 4.6% | 0.84 (0.78 – 0.91) | 18.2% | − 1.9% | 26.7% | − 3.2% | 0.86 (0.79 – 0.93) |
| TA | 23.7% | 30.2% | 16.3% | 23.5% | |||||||
Fig. 1ESMO Medical Oncology Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale (MCBS): assessment criteria for new adjuvant, neoadjuvant and potentially curative therapies 2 .
Tab. 1 Relative und absolute Reduktion von Rezidiv- und Mortalitätsrisiko beim frühen Mammakarzinom durch adjuvante endokrine Therapie 28 , 29 .
| Intervention | Patienten (n) | Rezidive | Mortalität | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nach 5 Jahren | nach 10 Jahren | relatives Risiko (95%-KI) | nach 5 Jahren | nach 10 Jahren | relatives Risiko (95%-KI) | ||||||
| Rate | absolute Differenz | Rate | absolute Differenz | Rate | absolute Differenz | Rate | absolute Differenz | ||||
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| keine ET | 10 386 | 26,5% | − 11,4% | 38,3% | − 13,6% | 13,9% | − 3,5% | 30,7% | − 7,6% | ||
| 5 Jahre Tam | 15,1% | 24,7% | 10,4% | 23,1% | |||||||
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| 5 Jahre Tam | 9 885 | 12,1% | − 3,1% | 22,7% | − 3,6% | 0,80 (0,73 – 0,88) | 9,4% | − 1,2% | 24% | − 2,7% | 0,89 (0,8 – 0,97) |
| 5 Jahre AI | 9,0% | 19,1% | 8,2% | 21,3% | |||||||
| 5 Jahre Tam | 11 798 | 12,1% | − 2,6% | 19,0% | − 2,0% | 0,82 (0,75 – 0,91) | 8,8% | − 1,7% | 17,5% | − 2,9% | 0,82 (0,73 – 0,91) |
| 2 – 3 Jahre Tam → AI bis Jahr 5 | 9,5% | 17,0% | 7,1% | 14,6% | |||||||
Tab. 2 Relative und absolute Reduktion von Rezidiv- und Mortalitätsrisiko beim frühen Mammakarzinom durch adjuvante Polychemotherapie 30 .
| Intervention | Patienten (n) | Rezidive | Mortalität | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nach 5 Jahren | nach 10 Jahren | relatives Risiko (95%-KI) | nach 5 Jahren | nach 10 Jahren | relatives Risiko (95%-KI) | ||||||
| Rate | absolute Differenz | Rate | absolute Differenz | Rate | absolute Differenz | Rate | absolute Differenz | ||||
| C: Cyclophosphamid, M: Methotrexat, F: 5-Fluorouracil, N+: nodalpositive Patienten | |||||||||||
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| keine Chemo | 5 253 (N + 34%) | 30,2% | − 9,9% | 39,8% | − 10,2% | 0,70 (0,63 – 0,77) | 16,4% | − 2,7% | 30,7% | − 4,7% | 0,84 (0,76 – 0,93) |
| Standard CMF | 20,3% | 29,6% | 13,7% | 26,0% | |||||||
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| Standard CMF | 5 122 (N + 61%) | 32,9% | − 0,5% | 42,1% | − 1,1% | 0,99 (0,90 – 1,08) | 22,4% | − 0,6% | 34,6% | − 1,2% | 0,97 (0,89 – 1,07) |
| Standard 4AC | 32,4% | 41,0% | 21,8% | 33,4% | |||||||
| CMF | 9 527 (N + 53%) | 25,5% | − 3,2% | 33,8% | − 2,6% | 0,89 (0,82 – 0,96) | 15,7% | − 2,9% | 27,1% | − 3,9% | 0,84 (0,76 – 0,92) |
| A höhere Kumulativdosis | 22,3% | 31,2% | 12,8% | 23,2% | |||||||
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| A (More A) | 33 084 (N + 82%) | 22,0% | − 2,8% | – | – | 0,86 (0,82 – 0,91) | 12,4% | − 1,2% | – | – | 0,90 (0,84 – 0,97) |
| TA | 19,2% | – | 11,2% | – | |||||||
| A (same A) | 11 167 (N + 100%) | 27,3% | − 3,6% | 34,8% | − 4,6% | 0,84 (0,78 – 0,91) | 18,2% | − 1,9% | 26,7% | − 3,2% | 0,86 (0,79 – 0,93) |
| TA | 23,7% | 30,2% | 16,3% | 23,5% | |||||||
Abb. 1ESMO Medical Oncology Magnitude of Clinical Benefit Scale (MCBS) – Bewertungskriterien für neue adjuvante, neoadjuvante und potenziell kurative Therapien 2 .