Samaneh Sepahi1, Alireza Pasdar2,3, Sina Gerayli4, Sina Rostami5, Aida Gholoobi2, Zahra Meshkat6. 1. Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 2. Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran. 3. Division of Applied Medicine, Medical School, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK. 4. Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5B7, Canada. 5. The Influenza Centre, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, N-5021Bergen, Norway. 6. Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is increasing worldwide. Cytotoxic Tlymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) may play a role in the intensity of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between genetic variants of the CTLA-4 and HCV infection. METHODS: Restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) was performed as the genotyping assay at four different positions (+49 A>G, -318 C>T, -1722 T>C, and - 1661 A>G). Haplotypes were analyzed using PHASE software. Sixty-five HCV patients and 65 healthy individuals as controls who were referred to the hepatitis clinic in Mashhad, Iran, were recruited. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood of participants. RESULTS: In a dominant analysis model of the -1661 position (GG vs. AA+AG), the AA genotype was more common in controls than in patients (adjusted P = 0.0003; OR = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.051 -0.42). The GCAT haplotype was also more prevalent in controls than in patients (adjusted P = 0.01; OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.20-0.81). Furthermore, the ACGT/ACGT diplotype was more common in controls than in patients (P = 0.0037; OR = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.04-0.54). In addition, the ACGT/ACAT diplotype was more frequent in patients than controls (adjusted P =0.003; OR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.37- 4.50). CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that polymorphisms in CTLA-4 and certain haplotypes may affect the risk of HCV infection in our population, although a larger sample size may be required to confirm this association.
BACKGROUND: The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is increasing worldwide. Cytotoxic Tlymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) may play a role in the intensity of the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between genetic variants of the CTLA-4 and HCV infection. METHODS: Restriction fragment length polymorphism-polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) was performed as the genotyping assay at four different positions (+49 A>G, -318 C>T, -1722 T>C, and - 1661 A>G). Haplotypes were analyzed using PHASE software. Sixty-five HCVpatients and 65 healthy individuals as controls who were referred to the hepatitis clinic in Mashhad, Iran, were recruited. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood of participants. RESULTS: In a dominant analysis model of the -1661 position (GG vs. AA+AG), the AA genotype was more common in controls than in patients (adjusted P = 0.0003; OR = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.051 -0.42). The GCAT haplotype was also more prevalent in controls than in patients (adjusted P = 0.01; OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.20-0.81). Furthermore, the ACGT/ACGT diplotype was more common in controls than in patients (P = 0.0037; OR = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.04-0.54). In addition, the ACGT/ACAT diplotype was more frequent in patients than controls (adjusted P =0.003; OR = 2.48, 95% CI = 1.37- 4.50). CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that polymorphisms in CTLA-4 and certain haplotypes may affect the risk of HCV infection in our population, although a larger sample size may be required to confirm this association.
Entities:
Keywords:
CTLA-4 gene Polymorphism; Haplotype analysis; Hepatitis C virus
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