Literature DB >> 29090063

Vision Disorders in Drivers Involved in Traffic Accidents.

Hasan Behboudi1, Reza Soltani Moghadam1, Najmollah Tiefeh1, Morteza Fallah Karkan1.   

Abstract

Entities:  

Year:  2017        PMID: 29090063      PMCID: PMC5644420          DOI: 10.4103/jovr.jovr_169_17

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  J Ophthalmic Vis Res        ISSN: 2008-322X


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Dear Editor, Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of mortality in individuals aged <40 years and the third leading cause in all age groups. Moreover, in Iran, motor vehicle crashes are estimated to be the second leading cause of mortality in all age groups. These crashes not only cause mortality but also could impose high costs in all countries.[1] According to traffic agents’ reports, humans, vehicles, and roads are the most important factors that impact crashes. Meanwhile, human error is involved in >90% of all accidents and 75% of crashes in Iran.[2] Since January 1983, the European Commission has adjusted definite minimum visual standards for acquiring a driver's license. These standards include visual acuity and visual fields for group 1 (drivers of cars and motorcycles) and group 2 (drivers of lorries and buses).[3] The aim of this study was to reinvestigate the visual performance of drivers who had a crash record during a year to determine the percentage of visual impairments and recommend further revision of vision-related driving license requirements. A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted a census during a year. The participants were 403 (94% male; age: mean, 36.17 ± 11.38; range, 16–74 years) healthy and injured motor vehicle drivers with a history of crash referred to the Amiralmomenin Hospital, Rasht, Guilan Province, Iran. Drivers with visual injury or head trauma were excluded. The researcher gathered data by using a form that consisted of demographic characteristics, driving records, and medical history. The results demonstrated that 33 drivers (8.2%) had known ocular diseases, including cataract in 9 (2.2%) and nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy in 5 (1.2%). Five participants showed visual trauma, and 65 participants (16.1%) wore eye glasses. Furthermore, 18 patients mentioned history of systematic diseases (hypertension in 10, diabetes in 6, and heart disease in 2 patients). Of the drivers, 96.3%, 17%, 15.8%, and 5.9% had normal (≥7/10) visual acuity, visual field, three-dimensional vision, and color vision lower than the minimal standard, respectively. Approximately half (49.4%) of the drivers had educational levels lower than diploma. Tavakkoli and Sanaiinasab revealed that drivers with educational levels lower than diploma encountered more crashes than those with diploma and higher educational attainments (P < 0.01). Therefore, literate drivers seem to have fewer crashes owing to greater compliance with driving rules.[4] Thirty-seven crashes (9.2%) occurred at 8:00 pm in spring and summer. Thirty-four crashes (8.4%) occurred at 6:00 pm in autumn and winter as proper night vision for driving is essential. In this study, the most frequently reported diseases were cataract (2.2%) and diabetic retinopathy (2.1%). Worldwide, cataract and diabetic retinopathy are the major causes of visual impairment.[5] According to our results, it seems that routine assessments in drivers can be recommended.

Financial Support and Sponsorship

Nil.

Conflicts of Interest

There are no conflicts of interest.
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