Antonella Conte1,2, Gina Ferrazzano2, Giovanni Defazio3, Giovanni Fabbrini1,2, Mark Hallett4, Alfredo Berardelli1,2. 1. Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy. 2. IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy. 3. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, "Aldo Moro" University of Bari, Bari, Italy. 4. Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this five-year longitudinal study was to investigate whether patients with increased blinking develop orbicularis oculi muscle spasms. METHODS: Eleven patients who initially manifested increased blinking alone were clinically and neurophysiologically re-evaluated five years later. RESULTS: By the five-year follow-up assessment, nine of the 11 patients had developed orbicularis oculi muscle spasms. The blink reflex recovery cycle became abnormal whereas somatosensory temporal discrimination, already abnormal at the first evaluation, did not significantly change. CONCLUSIONS: Our longitudinal study demonstrates that increased blinking may precede blepharospasm and that an abnormal blink reflex recovery cycle reflects the development of orbicularis oculi muscle spasms.
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this five-year longitudinal study was to investigate whether patients with increased blinking develop orbicularis oculi muscle spasms. METHODS: Eleven patients who initially manifested increased blinking alone were clinically and neurophysiologically re-evaluated five years later. RESULTS: By the five-year follow-up assessment, nine of the 11 patients had developed orbicularis oculi muscle spasms. The blink reflex recovery cycle became abnormal whereas somatosensory temporal discrimination, already abnormal at the first evaluation, did not significantly change. CONCLUSIONS: Our longitudinal study demonstrates that increased blinking may precede blepharospasm and that an abnormal blink reflex recovery cycle reflects the development of orbicularis oculi muscle spasms.
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