Fortino Solórzano-Santos1, Lilia Espinoza-García2, Glorinella Aguilar-Martínez3, Luisa Beirana-Palencia4, Gabriela Echániz-Avilés5, Guadalupe Miranda-Novales6. 1. Evidence-based Medicine Research Unit, Hospital Infantil de México, "Federico Gómez", Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico. 2. Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Regional # 72 Tlalnepantla, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Tlalnepantla, Mexico City, Mexico. 3. Centro Médico de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jal., Mexico. 4. Department of Cardiology, Hospital Ángeles, Clínica Londres, Mexico City, Mexico. 5. Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico. 6. Hospital Epidemiology Research Unit, Health Research Coordination, IMSS, Mexico City, Mexico.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: A successful strategy to prevent Streptococcus pneumoniae infections is the administration of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effectiveness of the 7- and 13-valent PCV for the prevention of all-cause pneumonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort of children younger than 5 years of age, with congenital heart disease (CHD) and different vaccination schedules, was analyzed. History of vaccination was confirmed with verifiable records. The outcome measure was all-cause pneumonia or bronchopneumonia. Protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board. For comparisons, we used inferential statistics with Chi-square and Fisher's exact test; a p ≤ 0.5 was considered statistically significant. Relative and absolute risks reduction and number needed to treat were also calculated. RESULTS: A total of 348 patients were included: 196 with two or more doses of PCV (considered the vaccinated group), and 152 in the unvaccinated group. There was a statistically significant difference for pneumonia events (p < 0.001) between the vaccinated (26/196) and unvaccinated (51/152) groups. The relative risk reduction was 60.5%, and the absolute risk reduction, 20.3%. There were no differences between patients who received two, three or four doses. The number needed to vaccinate to prevent one event of pneumonia was 5 children. CONCLUSIONS: At least two doses of PCV in children with CHD reduced the risk of all-cause pneumonia.
BACKGROUND: A successful strategy to prevent Streptococcus pneumoniae infections is the administration of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs). OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effectiveness of the 7- and 13-valent PCV for the prevention of all-cause pneumonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort of children younger than 5 years of age, with congenital heart disease (CHD) and different vaccination schedules, was analyzed. History of vaccination was confirmed with verifiable records. The outcome measure was all-cause pneumonia or bronchopneumonia. Protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board. For comparisons, we used inferential statistics with Chi-square and Fisher's exact test; a p ≤ 0.5 was considered statistically significant. Relative and absolute risks reduction and number needed to treat were also calculated. RESULTS: A total of 348 patients were included: 196 with two or more doses of PCV (considered the vaccinated group), and 152 in the unvaccinated group. There was a statistically significant difference for pneumonia events (p < 0.001) between the vaccinated (26/196) and unvaccinated (51/152) groups. The relative risk reduction was 60.5%, and the absolute risk reduction, 20.3%. There were no differences between patients who received two, three or four doses. The number needed to vaccinate to prevent one event of pneumonia was 5 children. CONCLUSIONS: At least two doses of PCV in children with CHD reduced the risk of all-cause pneumonia.
Authors: Mohammed Omar Alfakhri; Meshal Fahad Alhajji; Abdulrahman Mohammed Alyani; Yahya Zohair Murad; Abdulrahman Eissa Alghannam; Alwaleed Hamad Alqahtani Journal: J Family Med Prim Care Date: 2020-04-30