Inês Gante1, Luís Melo2, Jorge Dores3,4, Luísa Ruas4,5, Maria do Céu Almeida1,4. 1. Department of Obstetrics, Coimbra Hospital and Universitary Centre, Coimbra, Portugal. 2. Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. 3. Department of Endocrinology, Porto Hospital Centre, Porto, Portugal. 4. Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group of the Portuguese Society of Diabetology, Lisbon, Portugal. 5. Department of Endocrinology, Coimbra Hospital and Universitary Centre, Coimbra, Portugal.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Metformin can be regarded as a first-line treatment in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) due to its safety and effectiveness. However, a proportion of women do not achieve adequate glycemic control with metformin alone. We aim to identify predictors of this poor response to metformin. DESIGN AND METHODS: Retrospective multicentre cohort study of women with GDM who started metformin as first-line treatment. The assessed cohort was divided into a metformin group and metformin plus insulin group. Biometric and demographic characteristics, glycemic control data, obstetric, neonatal and postpartum outcomes were compared between groups and analysed in order to identify predictors of poor response to metformin. Data were analysed using STATA, version 13.1. RESULTS: Of the 388 women enrolled in the study, 135 (34.8%) required additional insulin therapy to achieve the glycemic targets. Higher age (aOR: 1.08 (1.03-1.13), P = 0.003), higher pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (1.06 (1.02-1.10), P = 0.003) and earlier introduction of metformin (0.89 (0.85-0.94), P < 0.001) were independent predictors for insulin supplementation. Regarding all the analysed outcomes, only cesarean delivery rates and postpartum glucose levels were higher in women requiring insulin supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: Although almost 35% of women did not achieve adequate glycemic control with metformin, insulin supplementation was not associated with poor neonatal outcomes. Higher age, higher pre-pregnancy BMI and earlier introduction of metformin could be used as predictors of poor response to metformin.
OBJECTIVE:Metformin can be regarded as a first-line treatment in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) due to its safety and effectiveness. However, a proportion of women do not achieve adequate glycemic control with metformin alone. We aim to identify predictors of this poor response to metformin. DESIGN AND METHODS: Retrospective multicentre cohort study of women with GDM who started metformin as first-line treatment. The assessed cohort was divided into a metformin group and metformin plus insulin group. Biometric and demographic characteristics, glycemic control data, obstetric, neonatal and postpartum outcomes were compared between groups and analysed in order to identify predictors of poor response to metformin. Data were analysed using STATA, version 13.1. RESULTS: Of the 388 women enrolled in the study, 135 (34.8%) required additional insulin therapy to achieve the glycemic targets. Higher age (aOR: 1.08 (1.03-1.13), P = 0.003), higher pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) (1.06 (1.02-1.10), P = 0.003) and earlier introduction of metformin (0.89 (0.85-0.94), P < 0.001) were independent predictors for insulin supplementation. Regarding all the analysed outcomes, only cesarean delivery rates and postpartum glucose levels were higher in women requiring insulin supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: Although almost 35% of women did not achieve adequate glycemic control with metformin, insulin supplementation was not associated with poor neonatal outcomes. Higher age, higher pre-pregnancy BMI and earlier introduction of metformin could be used as predictors of poor response to metformin.
Authors: Tina Linder; Anna Eder; Cécile Monod; Ingo Rosicky; Daniel Eppel; Katharina Redling; Franziska Geissler; Evelyn A Huhn; Irene Hösli; Christian S Göbl Journal: Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) Date: 2022-05-19 Impact factor: 6.055