Saeid Golbidi1, Andreas Daiber2, Bato Korac3, Huige Li4, M Faadiel Essop5, Ismail Laher6. 1. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada. 2. Center of Cardiology, Cardiology 1, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany. 3. Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Sinisa Stankovic", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia. 4. Department of Pharmacology, Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany. 5. Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa. 6. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, 2176 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada. ilaher@mail.ubc.ca.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Obesity and obesity-related diseases, largely resulting from urbanization and behavioral changes, are now of global importance. Energy restriction, though, is associated with health improvements and increased longevity. We review some important mechanisms related to calorie limitation aimed at controlling of metabolic diseases, particularly diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS: Calorie restriction triggers a complex series of intricate events, including activation of cellular stress response elements, improved autophagy, modification of apoptosis, and alteration in hormonal balance. Intermittent fasting is not only more acceptable to patients, but it also prevents some of the adverse effects of chronic calorie restriction, especially malnutrition. There are many somatic and potentially psychologic benefits of fasting or intermittent calorie restriction. However, some behavioral modifications related to abstinence of binge eating following a fasting period are crucial in maintaining the desired favorable outcomes.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Obesity and obesity-related diseases, largely resulting from urbanization and behavioral changes, are now of global importance. Energy restriction, though, is associated with health improvements and increased longevity. We review some important mechanisms related to calorie limitation aimed at controlling of metabolic diseases, particularly diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS: Calorie restriction triggers a complex series of intricate events, including activation of cellular stress response elements, improved autophagy, modification of apoptosis, and alteration in hormonal balance. Intermittent fasting is not only more acceptable to patients, but it also prevents some of the adverse effects of chronic calorie restriction, especially malnutrition. There are many somatic and potentially psychologic benefits of fasting or intermittent calorie restriction. However, some behavioral modifications related to abstinence of binge eating following a fasting period are crucial in maintaining the desired favorable outcomes.
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