Nicole Comfort1,2,3, Diane B Re4,5,6,7. 1. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA. nicole.comfort@columbia.edu. 2. NIEHS Center for Environmental Health Sciences in Northern Manhattan, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA. nicole.comfort@columbia.edu. 3. , 722 W 168th Street, 11th floor, New York, NY, 10032, USA. nicole.comfort@columbia.edu. 4. Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA. dr2240@cumc.columbia.edu. 5. NIEHS Center for Environmental Health Sciences in Northern Manhattan, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA. dr2240@cumc.columbia.edu. 6. Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA. dr2240@cumc.columbia.edu. 7. , 722 W 168th Street Suite 1107B, New York, NY, 10032, USA. dr2240@cumc.columbia.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review discusses the sex-specific effects of exposure to various organophosphate (OP) pesticides throughout the life course and potential reasons for the differential vulnerabilities observed across sexes. RECENT FINDINGS: Sex is a crucial factor in the response to toxicants, yet the sex-specific effects of OP exposure, particularly in juveniles and adults, remain unresolved. This is largely due to study design and inconsistencies in exposure and outcome assessments. Exposure to OPs results in multiple adverse outcomes influenced by many factors including sex. Reported sex-specific effects suggest that males are more susceptible to OPs, which reflects the sex-dependent prevalence of various neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders such as autism and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), in which males are at greater risk. Thus, this review proposes that the biological sex-specific effects elicited by OP exposure may in part underlie the dimorphic susceptibilities observed in neurological disorders. Understanding the immediate and long-term effects of OP exposure across sexes will be critical in advancing our understanding of OP-induced neurotoxicity and disease.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review discusses the sex-specific effects of exposure to various organophosphate (OP) pesticides throughout the life course and potential reasons for the differential vulnerabilities observed across sexes. RECENT FINDINGS: Sex is a crucial factor in the response to toxicants, yet the sex-specific effects of OP exposure, particularly in juveniles and adults, remain unresolved. This is largely due to study design and inconsistencies in exposure and outcome assessments. Exposure to OPs results in multiple adverse outcomes influenced by many factors including sex. Reported sex-specific effects suggest that males are more susceptible to OPs, which reflects the sex-dependent prevalence of various neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders such as autism and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), in which males are at greater risk. Thus, this review proposes that the biological sex-specific effects elicited by OP exposure may in part underlie the dimorphic susceptibilities observed in neurological disorders. Understanding the immediate and long-term effects of OP exposure across sexes will be critical in advancing our understanding of OP-induced neurotoxicity and disease.
Entities:
Keywords:
Neurodegenerative diseases; Neurodevelopment; Organophosphate; Pesticides; Sex; Sexual dimorphism
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