Ruwani Wijeyekoon1, Vindika Suriyakumara2, Ranjanie Gamage3, Tharushi Fernando2, Amila Jayasuriya2, Dhanusha Amarasinghe2, Harsha Gunasekara4, Dharshana Sirisena5, Dhammika Amaratunga6, Chanaka Muthukuda7, Roger A Barker1,8, Caroline Williams-Gray1, Ranil De Silva2. 1. John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, UK. 2. Genetic, Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka. 3. Institute of Neurology, National Hospital of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka. 4. Sri Jayewardenepura General Hospital, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka. 5. Neurology Unit, Teaching Hospital, Kurunegala, Sri Lanka. 6. Independent Statistical Consultant and Researcher, Colombo, Sri Lanka. 7. University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA. 8. MRC-Wellcome Trust Cambridge Stem Cell Institute.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Associations between certain environmental and lifestyle factors and Parkinson's disease (PD) have been reported in several studies, but information on these factors and Parkinson's Disease (PD) in South Asia, is limited. OBJECTIVE: To determine associations between lifestyle factors and PD in an urban clinic-based study in Sri Lanka. METHODS: In this case-control study, demographic and lifestyle factor data (including diet, coffee/tea drinking, smoking, alcohol status) was collected from an unselected cohort of PD patients and age and gender-matched controls attending clinics in Greater Colombo, Sri Lanka. Associations between lifestyle factors and PD status were assessed using Logistic Regression analysis, while links with age of PD onset were explored with Kaplan Meier and Cox Regression survival analyses. Results with p<0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. FINDINGS: Of 229 patients with parkinsonism, 144 had Idiopathic PD using standard diagnostic criteria. Controls numbered 102. Coffee drinkers and smokers were significantly less likely to have PD (coffee, p<0.001; Odds Ratio (OR)=0.264; smoking, p=0.043; OR=0.394). Coffee drinkers were older at PD onset (p<0.001). Similar trends seen with tea drinking were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first formal study of PD and these lifestyle factors in South Asia. It demonstrates an inverse association between coffee drinking, smoking and PD, and an association between coffee drinking and later age of PD onset. This is in line with other studies done worldwide, suggesting biological associations with global relevance.
BACKGROUND: Associations between certain environmental and lifestyle factors and Parkinson's disease (PD) have been reported in several studies, but information on these factors and Parkinson's Disease (PD) in South Asia, is limited. OBJECTIVE: To determine associations between lifestyle factors and PD in an urban clinic-based study in Sri Lanka. METHODS: In this case-control study, demographic and lifestyle factor data (including diet, coffee/tea drinking, smoking, alcohol status) was collected from an unselected cohort of PD patients and age and gender-matched controls attending clinics in Greater Colombo, Sri Lanka. Associations between lifestyle factors and PD status were assessed using Logistic Regression analysis, while links with age of PD onset were explored with Kaplan Meier and Cox Regression survival analyses. Results with p<0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. FINDINGS: Of 229 patients with parkinsonism, 144 had Idiopathic PD using standard diagnostic criteria. Controls numbered 102. Coffee drinkers and smokers were significantly less likely to have PD (coffee, p<0.001; Odds Ratio (OR)=0.264; smoking, p=0.043; OR=0.394). Coffee drinkers were older at PD onset (p<0.001). Similar trends seen with tea drinking were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first formal study of PD and these lifestyle factors in South Asia. It demonstrates an inverse association between coffee drinking, smoking and PD, and an association between coffee drinking and later age of PD onset. This is in line with other studies done worldwide, suggesting biological associations with global relevance.
Entities:
Keywords:
Parkinson’s disease; Sri Lanka; coffee; lifestyle; smoking
Authors: Michael A Schwarzschild; Kui Xu; Emin Oztas; Jacobus P Petzer; Kay Castagnoli; Neal Castagnoli; Jiang-Fan Chen Journal: Neurology Date: 2003-12-09 Impact factor: 9.910
Authors: Printha Wijesinghe; S K Shankar; Yasha T Chickabasaviah; Catherine Gorrie; Dhammika Amaratunga; Sanjayah Hulathduwa; K Sunil Kumara; Kamani Samarasinghe; Yoo Hun Suh; H W Steinbusch; K Ranil D De Silva Journal: Curr Alzheimer Res Date: 2016 Impact factor: 3.498
Authors: Chuanhai Cao; David A Loewenstein; Xiaoyang Lin; Chi Zhang; Li Wang; Ranjan Duara; Yougui Wu; Alessandra Giannini; Ge Bai; Jianfeng Cai; Maria Greig; Elizabeth Schofield; Raj Ashok; Brent Small; Huntington Potter; Gary W Arendash Journal: J Alzheimers Dis Date: 2012 Impact factor: 4.472
Authors: E-K Tan; C Tan; S M C Fook-Chong; S Y Lum; A Chai; H Chung; H Shen; Y Zhao; M L Teoh; Y Yih; R Pavanni; V R Chandran; M C Wong Journal: J Neurol Sci Date: 2003-12-15 Impact factor: 3.181