Central and peripheral inhibition of exocrine pancreatic secretion by alpha-2 adrenergic agonists in the rat.

The effect of ST91, a clonidine derivative crossing poorly the blood-brain barrier, was compared to that of clonidine on exocrine pancreatic secretion in rats. The experiments were performed in anaesthetized rats after stimulation by a maximal dose of 2-deoxy-D-glucose, and in conscious rats under basal interdigestive conditions. In anaesthetized rats, the 2-deoxy-D-glucose-induced stimulation of pancreatic secretion was suppressed by clonidine but not by ST91, both injected subcutaneously. This effect of clonidine was not antagonized by prazosin, but was decreased by 70-100% (according to the variables measured) by yohimbine. The alpha-2 antagonists rauwolscine and corynanthine were less efficient than yohimbine, while idazoxan suppressed totally the effect of clonidine. In conscious rats, the basal interdigestive secretion was inhibited by ST91 and by clonidine. After sc injections, the potency of ST91 was about ten times smaller than that of clonidine, whereas after injections in the cerebral ventricles, ST91 was as potent as clonidine to inhibit pancreatic secretion. Most (70-90%) of the inhibition induced by sc ST91 and clonidine in conscious rats was suppressed by yohimbine or by prazosin. It is concluded that both ST91 and clonidine inhibit pancreatic secretion in rats, and that this effect has probably both central and peripheral components. The central effect involves alpha-2 receptors, while the peripheral effect may involve alpha-1 and alpha-2 receptors.