Louise Krarup Gundel1, Carsten Bøcker Pedersen2, Trine Munk-Olsen3, Søren Dalsgaard4. 1. National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: louise.krarup.gundel@gmail.com. 2. National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Integrated Register-based Research at Aarhus University, CIRRAU, Denmark. Electronic address: cbp@econ.au.dk. 3. National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark. Electronic address: tmo@econ.au.dk. 4. National Centre for Register-based Research, Department of Economics and Business, School of Business and Social Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus and Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Integrated Register-based Research at Aarhus University, CIRRAU, Denmark; Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital of Telemark, Kragerø, Norway. Electronic address: sdalsgaard@econ.au.dk.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Depression ranges among the most impairing mental disorders worldwide, and early detection is a global health priority. Little is known about the association between non-affective mental disorders in childhood/adolescence and later depression. METHODS: Nationwide register-based prospective cohort study, estimating cumulative incidences and incidence rate ratios (IRR) for later depression in individuals with and without non-affective mental disorders in early life. RESULTS: 475,213 females and 484,813 males born 1990-2007 were followed for a mean of 9.14 years (contributing a total of 8778,331 person-years of observation). In the cohort, 7963 (5451 females) were diagnosed with depression. Depression was more common in individuals with prior non-affective mental disorders in adolescence (15.98% in females and 7.02% in males) and in childhood (4.98% in females and 1.6% in males), than in the background population (3.94% and 1.3% in females; 1.37% and 0.47% in males). Eating and anxiety disorders in childhood/adolescence carried the highest absolute risk of depression. The relative risk of depression was particularly high the first year after the first non-affective disorder (IRR = 15.5; 14.07-17.10), but remained highly elevated more than five years after the first non-affective diagnosis (IRR = 2.05; 1.84-2.28), when compared to young people without such disorders. LIMITATIONS: This study only included diagnoses given at hospital departments, representing the more severe mental disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Children and adolescents with non-affective mental disorders were at substantially increased absolute and relative risk of developing depression in young adulthood, especially females diagnosed with anxiety- or eating disorders in adolescence. These findings may help identify groups of children and adolescents at very high risk of developing depression.
BACKGROUND:Depression ranges among the most impairing mental disorders worldwide, and early detection is a global health priority. Little is known about the association between non-affective mental disorders in childhood/adolescence and later depression. METHODS: Nationwide register-based prospective cohort study, estimating cumulative incidences and incidence rate ratios (IRR) for later depression in individuals with and without non-affective mental disorders in early life. RESULTS: 475,213 females and 484,813 males born 1990-2007 were followed for a mean of 9.14 years (contributing a total of 8778,331 person-years of observation). In the cohort, 7963 (5451 females) were diagnosed with depression. Depression was more common in individuals with prior non-affective mental disorders in adolescence (15.98% in females and 7.02% in males) and in childhood (4.98% in females and 1.6% in males), than in the background population (3.94% and 1.3% in females; 1.37% and 0.47% in males). Eating and anxiety disorders in childhood/adolescence carried the highest absolute risk of depression. The relative risk of depression was particularly high the first year after the first non-affective disorder (IRR = 15.5; 14.07-17.10), but remained highly elevated more than five years after the first non-affective diagnosis (IRR = 2.05; 1.84-2.28), when compared to young people without such disorders. LIMITATIONS: This study only included diagnoses given at hospital departments, representing the more severe mental disorders. CONCLUSIONS:Children and adolescents with non-affective mental disorders were at substantially increased absolute and relative risk of developing depression in young adulthood, especially females diagnosed with anxiety- or eating disorders in adolescence. These findings may help identify groups of children and adolescents at very high risk of developing depression.
Authors: Andrew Beck; John C LeBlanc; Kate Morissette; Candyce Hamel; Becky Skidmore; Heather Colquhoun; Eddy Lang; Ainsley Moore; John J Riva; Brett D Thombs; Scott Patten; Heather Bragg; Ian Colman; Gary S Goldfield; Stuart Gordon Nicholls; Kathleen Pajer; Beth K Potter; Robert Meeder; Priya Vasa; Brian Hutton; Beverley J Shea; Eva Graham; Julian Little; David Moher; Adrienne Stevens Journal: Syst Rev Date: 2021-01-12
Authors: Lucy Riglin; Beate Leppert; Christina Dardani; Ajay K Thapar; Frances Rice; Michael C O'Donovan; George Davey Smith; Evie Stergiakouli; Kate Tilling; Anita Thapar Journal: Psychol Med Date: 2020-04-06 Impact factor: 7.723