Yutaka Nakajima1, Yutaka Tokairin2, Yasuaki Nakajima2, Kenro Kawada2, Kagami Nagai2, Kumiko Yamaguchi3, Keiichi Akita3, Tatsuyuki Kawano2. 1. Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan. dabohaze8341@yahoo.co.jp. 2. Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan. 3. Department of Clinical Anatomy, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Curative treatment of esophageal cancer requires meticulous superior mediastinal lymphadenectomy, in addition to esophagectomy, because superior mediastinal lymph node metastases are common in esophageal cancer. When preserving the tracheal branches of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), good anatomical understanding is required for confirmation of the positional relationships between the courses of lymphatic vessels, lymph node distribution, and the left RLN and its tracheal branches. We performed a detailed anatomical examination of these relationships. METHODS: Macroscopic anatomical observation and histological examination was performed on cadavers. In addition to hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunostaining using antipodoplanin antibody D2-40 (podoplanin) was performed to identify the lymphatic vessels. RESULTS: The tracheal branches of the left RLN were clearly observed, but no lymphatic vessels crossing the ventral or dorsal side of the branches were identified either macro-anatomically or histologically. CONCLUSION: No complex lymphatic network structure straddling the plane composed of tracheal branches of the left RLN was found in the left superior mediastinum. This suggests that dissection of the lymph nodes around the left RLN via the pneumomediastinum method using the left cervical approach may allow preservation of the tracheal branches of the left RLN by maintaining dissection accuracy.
PURPOSE: Curative treatment of esophageal cancer requires meticulous superior mediastinal lymphadenectomy, in addition to esophagectomy, because superior mediastinal lymph node metastases are common in esophageal cancer. When preserving the tracheal branches of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), good anatomical understanding is required for confirmation of the positional relationships between the courses of lymphatic vessels, lymph node distribution, and the left RLN and its tracheal branches. We performed a detailed anatomical examination of these relationships. METHODS: Macroscopic anatomical observation and histological examination was performed on cadavers. In addition to hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunostaining using antipodoplanin antibody D2-40 (podoplanin) was performed to identify the lymphatic vessels. RESULTS: The tracheal branches of the left RLN were clearly observed, but no lymphatic vessels crossing the ventral or dorsal side of the branches were identified either macro-anatomically or histologically. CONCLUSION: No complex lymphatic network structure straddling the plane composed of tracheal branches of the left RLN was found in the left superior mediastinum. This suggests that dissection of the lymph nodes around the left RLN via the pneumomediastinum method using the left cervical approach may allow preservation of the tracheal branches of the left RLN by maintaining dissection accuracy.
Entities:
Keywords:
Esophageal cancer; Lymphatic vessel; Mediastinoscope surgery