Impact of a CD4 gene haplotype on the immune response in minipigs.

The cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) molecule functions as a co-receptor for MHC class II binding to TCR in T helper cells. A CD4 epitope deficiency was identified in the swine MeLiM (melanoblastoma-bearing Libechov minipig) strain, a model for spontaneous cutaneous melanoma development and regression. Extensive sequencing revealed a high genetic variability of CD4 and the existence of several haplotypes segregating in MeLiM. Forty polymorphisms were identified in the coding sequence, out of which 20 correspond to non-synonymous variants and 10 are located in the 3'UTR of CD4 transcripts. One of the haplotypes segregating in the MeLiM explained the epitope deficiency observed. An association analysis between CD4 genotype and several phenotypes related to tumor regression was performed in 267 animals. An association was evidenced between a MeLiM alternative CD4 haplotype and skin and eye depigmentation, as well as the extent of hair depigmentation. Also, seric IgG concentration was shown to be higher in pigs carrying the alternative haplotype at the homozygous state. In conclusion, the genetic variability of the CD4 gene is associated with immune response-related phenotypes in MeLiM minipigs.