Joo Myung Lee1, Jonghanne Park2, Doyeon Hwang3, Chee Hae Kim3, Ki Hong Choi1, Tae-Min Rhee3, Yaliang Tong4, Jin Joo Park5, Eun-Seok Shin6, Chang-Wook Nam7, Joon-Hyung Doh8, Bon-Kwon Koo9. 1. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Heart Vascular Stroke Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. 2. Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Naju National Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Naju, South Korea. 3. Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea. 4. Department of Cardiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China. 5. Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea. 6. Department of Cardiology, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Ulsan, South Korea; Division of Cardiology, Dietrich Bonhoeffer Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital of University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany. 7. Department of Medicine, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea. 8. Department of Medicine, Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, South Korea. 9. Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea; Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea. Electronic address: bkkoo@snu.ac.kr.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) has been used in clinical practice to identify functionally significant stenosis and to guide treatment strategy. However, there are limited clinical data regarding another resting pressure-derived index, resting distal to aortic coronary pressure (Pd/Pa), and similarities and differences between resting Pd/Pa and iFR. OBJECTIVES: The authors investigated the changes in resting Pd/Pa and iFR according to anatomic and hemodynamic stenosis severity and their prognostic implications. METHODS: From the 3V FFR-FRIENDS (Clinical Implication of 3-vessel Fractional Flow Reserve) and the IRIS-FFR (Study of the Natural History of FFR Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) studies, 1,024 vessels (n = 435) with available pre-intervention resting Pd/Pa and iFR were used to explore the changes in resting physiological indices according to percent diameter stenosis. Among 115 patients who underwent 13N-ammonia positron emission tomography, the changes in those indices according to basal and hyperemic stenosis resistance and absolute hyperemic myocardial blood flow were compared. The association between physiological indices and the risk of 2-year major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and ischemia-driven revascularization) were analyzed among 375 deferred patients. RESULTS: There was a significant linear correlation between resting Pd/Pa and iFR (R = 0.970; p < 0.001, iFR = 1.370 × resting Pd/Pa - 0.370). Both resting Pd/Pa and iFR changed significantly according to percent diameter stenosis, basal and hyperemic stenosis resistance, and hyperemic absolute myocardial blood flow (all p values <0.001). Percent difference of iFR according to the increase in anatomic and hemodynamic severity was higher than that of resting Pd/Pa. Both resting Pd/Pa and iFR showed a significant association with the risk of 2-year MACE (resting Pd/Pa hazard ratio [per 0.10 increase]: 0.480; 95% confidence interval: 0.250 to 0.923; p = 0.027; iFR hazard ratio [per 0.1 increase]: 0.586; 95% confidence interval: 0.373 to 0.919; p = 0.020) in deferred patients. However, the difference between the upper- and lower-bound estimated MACE rates according to the approximate measurement variability of each index was significantly higher with resting Pd/Pa compared with iFR (resting Pd/Pa 3.85 ± 4.00% and iFR 3.27 ± 3.39%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Both resting Pd/Pa and iFR showed similar associations with anatomic and hemodynamic stenosis severity and the risk of MACE. However, iFR was more sensitive to the difference in stenosis severity and showed a lower maximum difference in estimated MACE risk influenced by the measurement variability compared with resting Pd/Pa. (Clinical Implication of 3-Vessel Fractional Flow Reserve [3V FFR-FRIENDS]; NCT01621438; and Study of the Natural History of FFR Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention [IRIS-FFR]; NCT01366404).
BACKGROUND: Instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) has been used in clinical practice to identify functionally significant stenosis and to guide treatment strategy. However, there are limited clinical data regarding another resting pressure-derived index, resting distal to aortic coronary pressure (Pd/Pa), and similarities and differences between resting Pd/Pa and iFR. OBJECTIVES: The authors investigated the changes in resting Pd/Pa and iFR according to anatomic and hemodynamic stenosis severity and their prognostic implications. METHODS: From the 3V FFR-FRIENDS (Clinical Implication of 3-vessel Fractional Flow Reserve) and the IRIS-FFR (Study of the Natural History of FFR Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention) studies, 1,024 vessels (n = 435) with available pre-intervention resting Pd/Pa and iFR were used to explore the changes in resting physiological indices according to percent diameter stenosis. Among 115 patients who underwent 13N-ammonia positron emission tomography, the changes in those indices according to basal and hyperemic stenosis resistance and absolute hyperemic myocardial blood flow were compared. The association between physiological indices and the risk of 2-year major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, and ischemia-driven revascularization) were analyzed among 375 deferred patients. RESULTS: There was a significant linear correlation between resting Pd/Pa and iFR (R = 0.970; p < 0.001, iFR = 1.370 × resting Pd/Pa - 0.370). Both resting Pd/Pa and iFR changed significantly according to percent diameter stenosis, basal and hyperemic stenosis resistance, and hyperemic absolute myocardial blood flow (all p values <0.001). Percent difference of iFR according to the increase in anatomic and hemodynamic severity was higher than that of resting Pd/Pa. Both resting Pd/Pa and iFR showed a significant association with the risk of 2-year MACE (resting Pd/Pa hazard ratio [per 0.10 increase]: 0.480; 95% confidence interval: 0.250 to 0.923; p = 0.027; iFR hazard ratio [per 0.1 increase]: 0.586; 95% confidence interval: 0.373 to 0.919; p = 0.020) in deferred patients. However, the difference between the upper- and lower-bound estimated MACE rates according to the approximate measurement variability of each index was significantly higher with resting Pd/Pa compared with iFR (resting Pd/Pa 3.85 ± 4.00% and iFR 3.27 ± 3.39%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Both resting Pd/Pa and iFR showed similar associations with anatomic and hemodynamic stenosis severity and the risk of MACE. However, iFR was more sensitive to the difference in stenosis severity and showed a lower maximum difference in estimated MACE risk influenced by the measurement variability compared with resting Pd/Pa. (Clinical Implication of 3-Vessel Fractional Flow Reserve [3V FFR-FRIENDS]; NCT01621438; and Study of the Natural History of FFR Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention [IRIS-FFR]; NCT01366404).
Authors: Hak Seung Lee; Joo Myung Lee; Chang-Wook Nam; Eun-Seok Shin; Joon-Hyung Doh; Neng Dai; Martin K C Ng; Andy S C Yong; Damras Tresukosol; Ajit S Mullasari; Rony Mathew; Praveen Chandra; Kuang-Te Wang; Yundai Chen; Jiyan Chen; Kai-Hang Yiu; Nils P Johnson; Bon-Kwon Koo Journal: Cardiol J Date: 2019-06-21 Impact factor: 2.737
Authors: Tim P van de Hoef; Joo Myung Lee; Mauro Echavarria-Pinto; Bon-Kwon Koo; Hitoshi Matsuo; Manesh R Patel; Justin E Davies; Javier Escaned; Jan J Piek Journal: Nat Rev Cardiol Date: 2020-05-14 Impact factor: 32.419
Authors: Michael Michail; Udit Thakur; Ojas Mehta; John M Ramzy; Andrea Comella; Abdul Rahman Ihdayhid; James D Cameron; Stephen J Nicholls; Stephen P Hoole; Adam J Brown Journal: Open Heart Date: 2020-10