Anna Puggina1, Katina Aleksovska1, Christoph Buck2, Con Burns3, Greet Cardon4, Angela Carlin5, Simon Chantal6, Donatella Ciarapica7, Giancarlo Condello8, Tara Coppinger3, Cristina Cortis9, Sara D'Haese4, Marieke De Craemer4, Andrea Di Blasio10, Sylvia Hansen11, Licia Iacoviello12, Johann Issartel13, Pascal Izzicupo10, Lina Jaeschke14, Martina Kanning11, Aileen Kennedy15, Fiona Chun Man Ling5,16,17, Agnes Luzak18, Giorgio Napolitano10, Julie-Anne Nazare19, Camille Perchoux19,20, Tobias Pischon14, Angela Polito7, Alessandra Sannella9, Holger Schulz18, Rhoda Sohun5, Astrid Steinbrecher14, Wolfgang Schlicht11, Walter Ricciardi21,22, Ciaran MacDonncha5, Laura Capranica8, Stefania Boccia21. 1. Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy. 2. Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology BIPS, Bremen, Germany. 3. Department of Sport, Leisure and Childhood Studies, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Munster, Ireland. 4. Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. 5. Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland. 6. Department of Applied Sciences in Physical Activity and Management, Catholic University of Valencia 'San Vicente Mártir', Valencia, Spain. 7. Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy. 8. Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome Foro Italico, Rome, Italy. 9. Department of Human Sciences, Society, and Health, University of Cassino and Lazio Meridionale, Cassino, Italy. 10. Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti and Pescara, Italy. 11. Department for Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany. 12. Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo: NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy. 13. School of Health and Human Performance, Multisensory Motor Learning Lab, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland. 14. Molecular Epidemiology Group, Max Delbruck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany. 15. Centre for Preventive Medicine, School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland. 16. Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. 17. Department of Psychology, Bournemouth Univesity, Poole, UK. 18. Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. 19. Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, CarMeN INSERM U1060, University of Lyon1, Lyon, France. 20. Luxembourg Institute of Socio-Economic Research, Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg. 21. Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'Agostino Gemelli', Rome, Italy. 22. Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy (Istituto Superiore di Sanita - ISS).
Abstract
Background: Despite the large number of studies and reviews available, the evidence regarding the policy determinants of physical activity (PA) is inconclusive. This umbrella systematic literature review (SLR) summarizes the current evidence on the policy determinants of PA across the life course, by pooling the results of the available SLRs and meta-analyses (MAs). Methods: A systematic online search was conducted on MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, Scopus and SPORTDiscus databases up to April 2016. SLRs and MAs of observational studies investigating the association between policy determinants of PA and having PA as outcome were considered eligible. The extracted data were assessed based on the importance of the determinants, the strength of evidence and the methodological quality. Results: Fourteen reviews on 27 policy determinants of PA were eligible for this umbrella SLR. The majority of the reviews were of moderate quality. Among children, a clear association between time spent outdoors and PA emerged. Among adults, working hours were negatively associated with PA, though evidence was limited. At the population level, community- and street-scale urban design and land use policies were found to positively support PA levels, but levels of evidences were low. Conclusions: With this umbrella SLR the policy determinants of PA at individual-level and population-level have been summarized and assessed. None of the investigated policy determinants had a convincing level of evidence, and very few had a probable level of evidence. Further research is needed, preferably by using prospective study designs, standardized definitions of PA and objective measurement of PA.
Background: Despite the large number of studies and reviews available, the evidence regarding the policy determinants of physical activity (PA) is inconclusive. This umbrella systematic literature review (SLR) summarizes the current evidence on the policy determinants of PA across the life course, by pooling the results of the available SLRs and meta-analyses (MAs). Methods: A systematic online search was conducted on MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, Scopus and SPORTDiscus databases up to April 2016. SLRs and MAs of observational studies investigating the association between policy determinants of PA and having PA as outcome were considered eligible. The extracted data were assessed based on the importance of the determinants, the strength of evidence and the methodological quality. Results: Fourteen reviews on 27 policy determinants of PA were eligible for this umbrella SLR. The majority of the reviews were of moderate quality. Among children, a clear association between time spent outdoors and PA emerged. Among adults, working hours were negatively associated with PA, though evidence was limited. At the population level, community- and street-scale urban design and land use policies were found to positively support PA levels, but levels of evidences were low. Conclusions: With this umbrella SLR the policy determinants of PA at individual-level and population-level have been summarized and assessed. None of the investigated policy determinants had a convincing level of evidence, and very few had a probable level of evidence. Further research is needed, preferably by using prospective study designs, standardized definitions of PA and objective measurement of PA.
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Authors: Johannes Brug; Hidde P van der Ploeg; Anne Loyen; Wolfgang Ahrens; Oliver Allais; Lene F Andersen; Greet Cardon; Laura Capranica; Sebastien Chastin; Ilse De Bourdeaudhuij; Marieke De Craemer; Alan Donnelly; Ulf Ekelund; Paul Finglas; Marion Flechtner-Mors; Antje Hebestreit; Thomas Kubiak; Massimo Lanza; Nanna Lien; Ciaran MacDonncha; Mario Mazzocchi; Pablo Monsivais; Marie Murphy; Mary Nicolaou; Ute Nöthlings; Donal J O'Gorman; Britta Renner; Gun Roos; Matthijs van den Berg; Matthias B Schulze; Jürgen M Steinacker; Karien Stronks; Dorothee Volkert; Jeroen Lakerveld Journal: Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act Date: 2017-11-03 Impact factor: 6.457