Immunocytochemistry for SOX-11 and TFE3 as diagnostic markers for solid pseudopapillary neoplasms of the pancreas in FNA biopsies.

BACKGROUND: Solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPNs) of the pancreas are rare malignant tumors that can be sampled via endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). Although diagnosing SPNs can be straightforward in cases with a classic morphology and a typical immunoprofile, challenges can occur with morphologic variants or limited specimens. Recently, 2 immunohistochemical stains, SRY-related high-mobility group box 11 (SOX-11) and transcription factor E3 (TFE3), have been demonstrated to be highly sensitive and specific for SPNs in pancreatic resection specimens. The current study evaluates the diagnostic utility of these stains with EUS-FNA.
METHODS: Thirteen EUS-FNA specimens from SPNs with sufficient material for immunocytochemistry were identified from 2000 to 2016. These cases were compared with 13 EUS-FNA specimens of non-SPN pancreatic neoplasms. Immunocytochemistry for SOX-11, TFE3, and β-catenin was performed on all cell blocks and then was scored independently by 2 pathologists in a masked manner.
RESULTS: Nuclear reactivity for SOX-11 was detected in 13 of 13 SPNs and in 0 of 13 non-SPNs; this resulted in sensitivity and specificity values of 100%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 1, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 1. Nuclear reactivity for TFE3 was detected in 9 of 13 SPNs and in 0 of 13 non-SPNs; this resulted in a sensitivity of 69.2%, a specificity of 100%, a PPV of 1, and an NPV of 0.765. Nuclear reactivity for β-catenin was detected in 13 of 13 SPNs and in 1 of 13 non-SPNs; this resulted in a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 92.3%, a PPV of 0.929, and an NPV of 1.
CONCLUSIONS: SOX-11 is a sensitive and specific immunocytochemical stain for SPNs in EUS-FNA specimens, and it may be useful as a diagnostic marker for distinguishing SPNs from its cytologic mimics. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:831-7.