Alice P Y Chiu1, Jonathan Dushoff2, Duo Yu3, Daihai He4. 1. Department of Applied Mathematics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China. 2. Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; M.G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. 3. Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, United States. 4. Department of Applied Mathematics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China. Electronic address: daihai.he@polyu.edu.hk.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Globally, influenza is a major cause of morbidity, hospitalization and mortality. Influenza vaccination has shown substantial protective effectiveness in the United States. METHODS: We investigated state-level patterns of coverage rates of seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccination, among the overall population (six months or older) in the U.S. and specifically among children (aged between 6 months and 17 years) and the elderly (aged 65 years or older), from 2009/10 to 2014/15, and associations with ecological factors. We obtained state-level influenza vaccination rates from national surveys, and state-level socio-demographic and health data from a variety of sources. We employed a retrospective ecological study design, and used both linear models and linear mixed-effect models to determine the levels of ecological association of the state-level vaccinations rates with these factors, both with and without region as a factor for the three populations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Health-care access has a robust, positive association with state-level vaccination rates across all populations and models. This highlights a potential population-level advantage of expanding health-care access. We also found that prevalence of asthma in adults is negatively associated with mean influenza vaccination rates in the elderly populations.
BACKGROUND: Globally, influenza is a major cause of morbidity, hospitalization and mortality. Influenza vaccination has shown substantial protective effectiveness in the United States. METHODS: We investigated state-level patterns of coverage rates of seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccination, among the overall population (six months or older) in the U.S. and specifically among children (aged between 6 months and 17 years) and the elderly (aged 65 years or older), from 2009/10 to 2014/15, and associations with ecological factors. We obtained state-level influenza vaccination rates from national surveys, and state-level socio-demographic and health data from a variety of sources. We employed a retrospective ecological study design, and used both linear models and linear mixed-effect models to determine the levels of ecological association of the state-level vaccinations rates with these factors, both with and without region as a factor for the three populations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Health-care access has a robust, positive association with state-level vaccination rates across all populations and models. This highlights a potential population-level advantage of expanding health-care access. We also found that prevalence of asthma in adults is negatively associated with mean influenza vaccination rates in the elderly populations.
Authors: Nicola Principi; Barbara Camilloni; Anna Alunno; Ilaria Polinori; Alberto Argentiero; Susanna Esposito Journal: Front Med (Lausanne) Date: 2019-05-28
Authors: Susan H Wootton; Sean C Blackwell; George Saade; Pamela D Berens; Maria Hutchinson; Charles E Green; Sujatha Sridhar; Kara M Elam; Jon E Tyson Journal: AJP Rep Date: 2018-08-28