Marc Molendijk1, Patricio Molero2, Felipe Ortuño Sánchez-Pedreño2, Willem Van der Does3, Miguel Angel Martínez-González4. 1. Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands; University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain. Electronic address: molendijkml@fsw.leidenuniv.nl. 2. University of Navarra, Department of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, University Hospital, School of Medicine, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain. 3. Institute of Psychology, Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands. 4. University of Navarra, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain; CIBER-OBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: It has been claimed that the quality of a diet is associated with the incidence of depressive disorders. We sought to investigate the evidence for this claim. METHODS: Systematic searches were performed up to March 6th, 2017 in order to identify prospective cohort studies that reported on exposure to dietary patterns or food groups and the incidence of depression/depressive symptoms. Data from 24 independent cohorts (totalling 1,959,217 person-years) were pooled in random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS: Adherence to a high-quality diet, regardless of type (i.e., healthy/prudent or Mediterranean), was associated with a lower risk of depressive symptoms over time (odds ratios ranged 0.64-0.78 in a linear dose-response fashion [P < 0.01]). A relatively low dietary inflammatory index was also associated with a somewhat lower incidence of depressive symptom (odds ratio = 0.81), although not in a dose-response fashion. Similar associations were found for the consumption of fish and vegetables (odds ratios 0.86 and 0.82 respectively) but not for other high quality food groups (e.g., fruit). Studies that controlled for depression severity at baseline or that used a formal diagnosis as outcome did not yield statistically significant findings. Adherence to low quality diets and food groups was not associated with higher depression incidence. LIMITATIONS: Our ability to detect confounders was only limited. CONCLUSION: There is evidence that a higher quality of a diet is associated with a lower risk for the onset of depressive symptoms, but not all available results are consistent with the hypothesis that diet influences depression risk. Prospective studies that control for relevant confounders such as obesity incidence and randomized controlled prevention trials are needed to increase the validity of findings in this field.
BACKGROUND: It has been claimed that the quality of a diet is associated with the incidence of depressive disorders. We sought to investigate the evidence for this claim. METHODS: Systematic searches were performed up to March 6th, 2017 in order to identify prospective cohort studies that reported on exposure to dietary patterns or food groups and the incidence of depression/depressive symptoms. Data from 24 independent cohorts (totalling 1,959,217 person-years) were pooled in random-effects meta-analyses. RESULTS: Adherence to a high-quality diet, regardless of type (i.e., healthy/prudent or Mediterranean), was associated with a lower risk of depressive symptoms over time (odds ratios ranged 0.64-0.78 in a linear dose-response fashion [P < 0.01]). A relatively low dietary inflammatory index was also associated with a somewhat lower incidence of depressive symptom (odds ratio = 0.81), although not in a dose-response fashion. Similar associations were found for the consumption of fish and vegetables (odds ratios 0.86 and 0.82 respectively) but not for other high quality food groups (e.g., fruit). Studies that controlled for depression severity at baseline or that used a formal diagnosis as outcome did not yield statistically significant findings. Adherence to low quality diets and food groups was not associated with higher depression incidence. LIMITATIONS: Our ability to detect confounders was only limited. CONCLUSION: There is evidence that a higher quality of a diet is associated with a lower risk for the onset of depressive symptoms, but not all available results are consistent with the hypothesis that diet influences depression risk. Prospective studies that control for relevant confounders such as obesity incidence and randomized controlled prevention trials are needed to increase the validity of findings in this field.
Authors: Kaiping Burrows; Jennifer L Stewart; Chase Antonacci; Rayus Kuplicki; Katie Thompson; Ashlee Taylor; T Kent Teague; Martin P Paulus Journal: J Affect Disord Date: 2019-12-02 Impact factor: 4.839
Authors: Mariska Bot; Ingeborg A Brouwer; Miquel Roca; Elisabeth Kohls; Brenda W J H Penninx; Ed Watkins; Gerard van Grootheest; Mieke Cabout; Ulrich Hegerl; Margalida Gili; Matthew Owens; Marjolein Visser Journal: JAMA Date: 2019-03-05 Impact factor: 56.272
Authors: Joseph Firth; Marco Solmi; Robyn E Wootton; Davy Vancampfort; Felipe B Schuch; Erin Hoare; Simon Gilbody; John Torous; Scott B Teasdale; Sarah E Jackson; Lee Smith; Melissa Eaton; Felice N Jacka; Nicola Veronese; Wolfgang Marx; Garcia Ashdown-Franks; Dan Siskind; Jerome Sarris; Simon Rosenbaum; André F Carvalho; Brendon Stubbs Journal: World Psychiatry Date: 2020-10 Impact factor: 49.548