Cyclophosphamide could be a better choice than methotrexate as induction treatment for patients with more severe Takayasu's arteritis.

To assess the effectiveness of cyclophosphamide (CYC) versus methotrexate (MTX) for active Takayasu's arteritis (TA). The current study was based on a cohort of TA at Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. TA was diagnosed using the 1990 American College of Rheumatology criteria. Fifty-eight subjects receiving induction treatment with CYC (n = 46) or MTX (N = 12) were included in the analysis. Effectiveness and toxicity were assessed in all 58 cases. Clinical remission was defined as: Kerr score reduction to ≤ 1 and glucocorticoids (GC) treatment at a dose of ≤ 0.2 mg/kg/day (≤ 15 mg/day) at the end of the 6th month. At the baseline, the CYC group had higher Kerr scores (60.9% vs. 16.7% at ≥3, p = 0.044), higher ESR (55 ± 52 vs. 25 ± 22 mm/H, p = 0.048), ITAS_ESR (12.4 ± 1.7 vs. 9.1 ± 1.1 mg/L, p = 0.043). The 6-month clinical remission rate was 71.7% vs. 75% in the CYC and MTX group, respectively. In the CYC group, a significant decrease was observed in ESR (55 ± 52 vs. 25 ± 48 mm/H, p = 0.008), hs-CRP (27 ± 23 vs. 6.9 ± 6.6 mg/L, p = 0.007), ITAS (11.7 ± 2.2 vs. 7.0 ± 1.5, p = 0.048), and ITAS_ESR (7.1 ± 2.0 vs. 12.4 ± 1.7, p = 0.033). However, no significant reductions in these measures were demonstrated in the MTX group. Whole-body contrast enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) revealed significant radiologic improvement (wall enhancement scores: 4.2 ± 2.3 vs. 10.3 ± 3.8, p = 0.032) in the CYC group, but not in the MTX group. No severe adverse events occurred in any subject. Cyclophosphamide could be a better choice than methotrexate as induction treatment for patients with more severe Takayasu's arteritis.