Nidhi Singh1, Puja Chauhan1, Hitendra Kumar Loh2, Mangala Kohli1, Rajesh Kumar Suri1. 1. Department of Anatomy, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, 110029, India. 2. Department of Anatomy, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, 110029, India. drhitendra3@gmail.com.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The study was undertaken to make a qualitative and quantitative assessment of unnamed foramen and tunnels in adult human scapulae with aid of plain and contrast radiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 120 dry bones, 60 each of the right and the left side were included in the study. Distribution of these foramina and tunnels was noted for their number, side, location, course and communication. Their morphometry was done using Vernier's caliper. RESULTS: Incidence of scapular foramina was 7.5% (R > L), whereas scapular tunnels were seen in 15.8% cases. Incidence of the sinuous, curved, and straight tunnels was found to be 50, 39, and 10.7% respectively. Left-sided tunnels were longer than the right ones. Plain and contrast radiographs were taken to confirm the findings. CONCLUSION: Anatomy literature describes only two scapular foramina, namely, nutrient foramen and suprascapular foramen/notch in a great zeal; occurrence of such anonymous foramina is hardly discussed. Through this study, there is an endeavor towards unfolding the mystery of scapular foramina in terms of their morphometry and distribution, the knowledge of which will aid clinicians, forensic experts, and surgeons in better diagnosis and management of clinical cases.
PURPOSE: The study was undertaken to make a qualitative and quantitative assessment of unnamed foramen and tunnels in adult human scapulae with aid of plain and contrast radiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 120 dry bones, 60 each of the right and the left side were included in the study. Distribution of these foramina and tunnels was noted for their number, side, location, course and communication. Their morphometry was done using Vernier's caliper. RESULTS: Incidence of scapular foramina was 7.5% (R > L), whereas scapular tunnels were seen in 15.8% cases. Incidence of the sinuous, curved, and straight tunnels was found to be 50, 39, and 10.7% respectively. Left-sided tunnels were longer than the right ones. Plain and contrast radiographs were taken to confirm the findings. CONCLUSION: Anatomy literature describes only two scapular foramina, namely, nutrient foramen and suprascapular foramen/notch in a great zeal; occurrence of such anonymous foramina is hardly discussed. Through this study, there is an endeavor towards unfolding the mystery of scapular foramina in terms of their morphometry and distribution, the knowledge of which will aid clinicians, forensic experts, and surgeons in better diagnosis and management of clinical cases.
Authors: José Carlos Garcia Júnior; Ana Maria Ferreira Paccola; Cristiane Tonoli; José Luis Amin Zabeu; Jesely Pereira Myrrha Garcia Journal: Rev Bras Ortop Date: 2015-11-17
Authors: J C E Donders; J Prins; P Kloen; G J Streekstra; P A Cole; R P Kleipool; J G G Dobbe Journal: Surg Radiol Anat Date: 2020-02-28 Impact factor: 1.246