Padmini Sirish1, Hannah A Ledford1, Valeriy Timofeyev1, Phung N Thai1, Lu Ren1, Hyo Jeong Kim1, Seojin Park1, Jeong Han Lee1, Gu Dai1, Maryam Moshref1, Choong-Ryoul Sihn1, Wei Chun Chen1, Maria Valeryevna Timofeyeva1, Zhong Jian1, Rafael Shimkunas1, Leighton T Izu1, Nipavan Chiamvimonvat1, Ye Chen-Izu1, Ebenezer N Yamoah1, Xiao-Dong Zhang2. 1. From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (P.S., H.A.L., V.T., P.N.T., L.R., S.P., G.D., M.M., C.-R.S., W.C.C., M.V.T., N.C., Y.C.-I., X.-D.Z.), Center for Neuroscience (H.J.K.), Department of Pharmacology (Z.J., R.S., L.T.I., N.C., Y.C.-I.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (R.S., Y.C.-I.), University of California, Davis; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno (J.H.L., E.N.Y.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather (M.V.T., N.C., X.-D.Z.). 2. From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine (P.S., H.A.L., V.T., P.N.T., L.R., S.P., G.D., M.M., C.-R.S., W.C.C., M.V.T., N.C., Y.C.-I., X.-D.Z.), Center for Neuroscience (H.J.K.), Department of Pharmacology (Z.J., R.S., L.T.I., N.C., Y.C.-I.) and Department of Biomedical Engineering (R.S., Y.C.-I.), University of California, Davis; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno (J.H.L., E.N.Y.); and Department of Veterans Affairs, Northern California Health Care System, Mather (M.V.T., N.C., X.-D.Z.). xdzhang@ucdavis.edu.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Intracellular pH (pHi) is critical to cardiac excitation and contraction; uncompensated changes in pHi impair cardiac function and trigger arrhythmia. Several ion transporters participate in cardiac pHi regulation. Our previous studies identified several isoforms of a solute carrier Slc26a6 to be highly expressed in cardiomyocytes. We show that Slc26a6 mediates electrogenic Cl-/HCO3- exchange activities in cardiomyocytes, suggesting the potential role of Slc26a6 in regulation of not only pHi, but also cardiac excitability. METHODS AND RESULTS: To test the mechanistic role of Slc26a6 in the heart, we took advantage of Slc26a6 knockout (Slc26a6-/- ) mice using both in vivo and in vitro analyses. Consistent with our prediction of its electrogenic activities, ablation of Slc26a6 results in action potential shortening. There are reduced Ca2+ transient and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ load, together with decreased sarcomere shortening in Slc26a6-/- cardiomyocytes. These abnormalities translate into reduced fractional shortening and cardiac contractility at the in vivo level. Additionally, pHi is elevated in Slc26a6-/- cardiomyocytes with slower recovery kinetics from intracellular alkalization, consistent with the Cl-/HCO3- exchange activities of Slc26a6. Moreover, Slc26a6-/- mice show evidence of sinus bradycardia and fragmented QRS complex, supporting the critical role of Slc26a6 in cardiac conduction system. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides mechanistic insights into Slc26a6, a unique cardiac electrogenic Cl-/HCO3- transporter in ventricular myocytes, linking the critical roles of Slc26a6 in regulation of pHi, excitability, and contractility. pHi is a critical regulator of other membrane and contractile proteins. Future studies are needed to investigate possible changes in these proteins in Slc26a6-/- mice.
BACKGROUND: Intracellular pH (pHi) is critical to cardiac excitation and contraction; uncompensated changes in pHi impair cardiac function and trigger arrhythmia. Several ion transporters participate in cardiac pHi regulation. Our previous studies identified several isoforms of a solute carrier Slc26a6 to be highly expressed in cardiomyocytes. We show that Slc26a6 mediates electrogenic Cl-/HCO3- exchange activities in cardiomyocytes, suggesting the potential role of Slc26a6 in regulation of not only pHi, but also cardiac excitability. METHODS AND RESULTS: To test the mechanistic role of Slc26a6 in the heart, we took advantage of Slc26a6 knockout (Slc26a6-/- ) mice using both in vivo and in vitro analyses. Consistent with our prediction of its electrogenic activities, ablation of Slc26a6 results in action potential shortening. There are reduced Ca2+ transient and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ load, together with decreased sarcomere shortening in Slc26a6-/- cardiomyocytes. These abnormalities translate into reduced fractional shortening and cardiac contractility at the in vivo level. Additionally, pHi is elevated in Slc26a6-/- cardiomyocytes with slower recovery kinetics from intracellular alkalization, consistent with the Cl-/HCO3- exchange activities of Slc26a6. Moreover, Slc26a6-/-mice show evidence of sinus bradycardia and fragmented QRS complex, supporting the critical role of Slc26a6 in cardiac conduction system. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides mechanistic insights into Slc26a6, a unique cardiac electrogenic Cl-/HCO3- transporter in ventricular myocytes, linking the critical roles of Slc26a6 in regulation of pHi, excitability, and contractility. pHi is a critical regulator of other membrane and contractile proteins. Future studies are needed to investigate possible changes in these proteins in Slc26a6-/-mice.
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