Walter Bierbauer1, Jennifer Inauen2, Sabine Schaefer3, Maike Margarethe Kleemeyer4, Janina Lüscher5, Claudia König5, Robert Tobias5, Matthias Kliegel6, Andreas Ihle6, Lukas Zimmerli7, Barbara M Holzer8, Klarissa Siebenhuener8, Edouard Battegay8, Christian Schmied9, Urte Scholz10. 1. University of Zurich, Switzerland University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Switzerland. 2. Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science & Technology, Switzerland Columbia University, USA. 3. Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Germany Saarland University, Germany. 4. Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Germany. 5. University of Zurich, Switzerland. 6. Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Switzerland Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Switzerland. 7. Cantonal Hospital Olten, Switzerland University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland. 8. University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland Center of Competence Multimorbidity, University of Zurich, Switzerland. 9. University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland. 10. University of Zurich, Switzerland University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Switzerland Center of Competence Multimorbidity University of Zurich, Switzerland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Health behavior change theories usually claim to be universally and individually applicable. Most research has tested behavior change theories at the interindividual level and within young-to-middle-aged populations. However, associations at the interindividual level can differ substantially from associations at the intraindividual level. This study examines the applicability of the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) at the inter- and the intraindividual level among older adults. METHODS: Two intensive longitudinal studies examined the HAPA model covering two different health behaviors and two different time spans: Study 1 (physical activity, N = 52 × 6 monthly observations) and Study 2 (medication adherence, N = 64 × 30 daily observations). The HAPA constructs (risk awareness, outcome expectancy, self-efficacy, intention, action planning, action control), and self-reported behaviors were assessed. RESULTS: Overall, at the interindividual level, results of both studies largely confirmed the associations specified by the HAPA. At the intraindividual level, results were less in line with the HAPA. Only action control emerged as consistent predictor of behavior. CONCLUSIONS: This study emphasises the importance of examining health behavior change theories at both, the inter- and the intraindividual level.
BACKGROUND: Health behavior change theories usually claim to be universally and individually applicable. Most research has tested behavior change theories at the interindividual level and within young-to-middle-aged populations. However, associations at the interindividual level can differ substantially from associations at the intraindividual level. This study examines the applicability of the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) at the inter- and the intraindividual level among older adults. METHODS: Two intensive longitudinal studies examined the HAPA model covering two different health behaviors and two different time spans: Study 1 (physical activity, N = 52 × 6 monthly observations) and Study 2 (medication adherence, N = 64 × 30 daily observations). The HAPA constructs (risk awareness, outcome expectancy, self-efficacy, intention, action planning, action control), and self-reported behaviors were assessed. RESULTS: Overall, at the interindividual level, results of both studies largely confirmed the associations specified by the HAPA. At the intraindividual level, results were less in line with the HAPA. Only action control emerged as consistent predictor of behavior. CONCLUSIONS: This study emphasises the importance of examining health behavior change theories at both, the inter- and the intraindividual level.
Authors: Laura I Schmidt; Carl-Philipp Jansen; Johanna Depenbusch; Martina Gabrian; Monika Sieverding; Hans-Werner Wahl Journal: Z Gerontol Geriatr Date: 2022-07-18 Impact factor: 1.292