Brandon H Hayes1, Dana L Haberling2, Jordan L Kennedy2, Jay K Varma3, Alicia M Fry4, Neil M Vora5. 1. Regional Veterinary Emergency and Specialty Center, Turnersville, NJ. 2. National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. 3. National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA; New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City, NY. 4. National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. 5. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York City, NY; Career Epidemiology Field Officer Program, Division of State and Local Readiness, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. Electronic address: nvora@cdc.gov.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of pneumonia has likely evolved in recent years, reflecting an aging population, changes in population immunity, and socioeconomic disparities. METHODS: Using the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample, estimated numbers and rates of pneumonia-associated hospitalizations for 2001-2014 were calculated. A pneumonia-associated hospitalization was defined as one in which the discharge record listed a principal diagnosis of pneumonia or a secondary diagnosis of pneumonia if the principal diagnosis was respiratory failure or sepsis. RESULTS: There were an estimated 20,361,181 (SE, 95,601) pneumonia-associated hospitalizations in the United States during 2001-2014 (average annual age-adjusted pneumonia-associated hospitalization rate of 464.8 per 100,000 population [95% CI, 462.5-467.1]). The average annual age-adjusted pneumonia-associated hospitalization rate decreased over the study period (P < .0001). In-hospital death occurred in 7.4% (SE, 0.03) of pneumonia-associated hospitalizations. Non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaskan Natives and non-Hispanic blacks had the highest average annual age-adjusted rates of pneumonia-associated hospitalization of all race/ethnicities at 439.2 (95% CI, 415.9-462.5) and 438.6 (95% CI, 432.5-444.7) per 100,000 population, respectively. During 2001-2014, the proportion of pneumonia-associated hospitalizations colisting an immunocompromising condition increased from 18.7% (SE, 0.2) in 2001 to 29.9% (SE, 0.2) in 2014. Total charges for pneumonia-associated hospitalizations in 2014 were over $84 billion. CONCLUSIONS: Pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Differences in rates and outcomes of pneumonia-associated hospitalizations between sociodemographic groups warrant further investigation. The immunocompromised population has emerged as a group experiencing a disproportionate burden of pneumonia-associated hospitalizations.
BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of pneumonia has likely evolved in recent years, reflecting an aging population, changes in population immunity, and socioeconomic disparities. METHODS: Using the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample, estimated numbers and rates of pneumonia-associated hospitalizations for 2001-2014 were calculated. A pneumonia-associated hospitalization was defined as one in which the discharge record listed a principal diagnosis of pneumonia or a secondary diagnosis of pneumonia if the principal diagnosis was respiratory failure or sepsis. RESULTS: There were an estimated 20,361,181 (SE, 95,601) pneumonia-associated hospitalizations in the United States during 2001-2014 (average annual age-adjusted pneumonia-associated hospitalization rate of 464.8 per 100,000 population [95% CI, 462.5-467.1]). The average annual age-adjusted pneumonia-associated hospitalization rate decreased over the study period (P < .0001). In-hospital death occurred in 7.4% (SE, 0.03) of pneumonia-associated hospitalizations. Non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaskan Natives and non-Hispanic blacks had the highest average annual age-adjusted rates of pneumonia-associated hospitalization of all race/ethnicities at 439.2 (95% CI, 415.9-462.5) and 438.6 (95% CI, 432.5-444.7) per 100,000 population, respectively. During 2001-2014, the proportion of pneumonia-associated hospitalizations colisting an immunocompromising condition increased from 18.7% (SE, 0.2) in 2001 to 29.9% (SE, 0.2) in 2014. Total charges for pneumonia-associated hospitalizations in 2014 were over $84 billion. CONCLUSIONS:Pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Differences in rates and outcomes of pneumonia-associated hospitalizations between sociodemographic groups warrant further investigation. The immunocompromised population has emerged as a group experiencing a disproportionate burden of pneumonia-associated hospitalizations.
Authors: Amy V Groom; Thomas W Hennessy; Rosalyn J Singleton; Jay C Butler; Stephen Holve; James E Cheek Journal: Am J Public Health Date: 2014-04-22 Impact factor: 9.308
Authors: Christopher R Frei; Eric M Mortensen; Laurel A Copeland; Russell T Attridge; Mary Jo V Pugh; Marcos I Restrepo; Antonio Anzueto; Brandy Nakashima; Michael J Fine Journal: BMC Health Serv Res Date: 2010-05-27 Impact factor: 2.655
Authors: Marie R Griffin; Yuwei Zhu; Matthew R Moore; Cynthia G Whitney; Carlos G Grijalva Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2013-07-11 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: Walter W Williams; Peng-Jun Lu; Alissa O'Halloran; David K Kim; Lisa A Grohskopf; Tamara Pilishvili; Tami H Skoff; Noele P Nelson; Rafael Harpaz; Lauri E Markowitz; Alfonso Rodriguez-Lainz; Carolyn B Bridges Journal: MMWR Surveill Summ Date: 2016-02-05
Authors: Christopher H Gu; David E Lucero; Chaorui C Huang; Demetre Daskalakis; Jay K Varma; Neil M Vora Journal: Public Health Rep Date: 2018 Sep/Oct Impact factor: 2.792
Authors: Yeongjun James Park; Chia-Hung Yo; Wan-Ting Hsu; Eric Po-Yang Tsou; Yu-Chiang Wang; Dean-An Ling; An-Fu Lee; Michael A Liu; Chien-Chang Lee Journal: J Acute Med Date: 2021-12-01
Authors: Elliott Bosco; Andrew R Zullo; Kevin W McConeghy; Patience Moyo; Robertus van Aalst; Ayman Chit; Vincent Mor; Stefan Gravenstein Journal: Open Forum Infect Dis Date: 2019-05-15 Impact factor: 3.835
Authors: Candis M Hunter; Simone W Salandy; Jessica C Smith; Chris Edens; Brian Hubbard Journal: Public Health Rep Date: 2021-06-29 Impact factor: 3.117