Neuroimaging and cognitive functions in temporal lobe epilepsy: A review of the literature.

Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common form of refractory focal epilepsy. Neuroimaging researches have demonstrated structural abnormalities in several cerebral regions. Cognitive impairment has been frequently described as a potential comorbidity of long-term TLE. This review investigated the state of research regarding neuropsychological impairment and neuroimaging studies in TLE patients. Studies were found on PubMed and Web of Sciences databases, 412 publications were selected: only 20 articles met search criteria. Results showed significant alterations in multiple cognitive domains, particularly memory, executive functions and language. The reported findings showed that the involvement of various factors, including neurobiological abnormalities and clinical features, is responsible for the onset of cognitive impairment in epileptic patients.