D C Scales1, S Cheskes2, P R Verbeek2, R Pinto3, D Austin4, S C Brooks5, K N Dainty6, K Goncharenko7, M Mamdani8, K E Thorpe9, L J Morrison10. 1. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Clinical and Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: damon.scales@sunnybrook.ca. 2. Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Sunnybrook Centre for Prehospital Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 3. Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 4. Department of Emergency Medicine, Markham Stouffville Hospital, Markham, Ontario, Canada. 5. Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Rescu, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 6. Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Rescu, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 7. Rescu, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 8. Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 9. Applied Health Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 10. Institute for Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Rescu, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Abstract
RATIONALE: Targeted temperature management (TTM) improves survival with good neurological outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), but is delivered inconsistently and often with delay. OBJECTIVE: To determine if prehospital cooling by paramedics leads to higher rates of 'successful TTM', defined as achieving a target temperature of 32-34°C within 6h of hospital arrival. METHODS: Pragmatic RCT comparing prehospital cooling (surface ice packs, cold saline infusion, wristband reminders) initiated 5min after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) versus usual resuscitation and transport. The primary outcome was rate of 'successful TTM'; secondary outcomes were rates of applying TTM in hospital, survival with good neurological outcome, pulmonary edema in emergency department, and re-arrest during transport. RESULTS:585 patients were randomized to receive prehospital cooling (n=279) or control (n=306). Prehospital cooling did not increase rates of 'successful TTM' (30% vs 25%; RR, 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91-1.52; p=0.22), but increased rates of applying TTM in hospital (68% vs 56%; RR, 1.21; 95%CI 1.07-1.37; p=0.003). Survival with good neurological outcome (29% vs 26%; RR, 1.13, 95%CI 0.87-1.47; p=0.37) was similar. Prehospital cooling was not associated with re-arrest during transport (7.5% vs 8.2%; RR, 0.94; 95%CI 0.54-1.63; p=0.83) but was associated with decreased incidence of pulmonary edema in emergency department (12% vs 18%; RR, 0.66; 95%CI 0.44-0.99; p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS:Prehospital cooling initiated 5min after ROSC did not increase rates of achieving a target temperature of 32-34°C within 6h of hospital arrival but was safe and increased application of TTM in hospital.
RCT Entities:
RATIONALE: Targeted temperature management (TTM) improves survival with good neurological outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), but is delivered inconsistently and often with delay. OBJECTIVE: To determine if prehospital cooling by paramedics leads to higher rates of 'successful TTM', defined as achieving a target temperature of 32-34°C within 6h of hospital arrival. METHODS: Pragmatic RCT comparing prehospital cooling (surface ice packs, cold saline infusion, wristband reminders) initiated 5min after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) versus usual resuscitation and transport. The primary outcome was rate of 'successful TTM'; secondary outcomes were rates of applying TTM in hospital, survival with good neurological outcome, pulmonary edema in emergency department, and re-arrest during transport. RESULTS: 585 patients were randomized to receive prehospital cooling (n=279) or control (n=306). Prehospital cooling did not increase rates of 'successful TTM' (30% vs 25%; RR, 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91-1.52; p=0.22), but increased rates of applying TTM in hospital (68% vs 56%; RR, 1.21; 95%CI 1.07-1.37; p=0.003). Survival with good neurological outcome (29% vs 26%; RR, 1.13, 95%CI 0.87-1.47; p=0.37) was similar. Prehospital cooling was not associated with re-arrest during transport (7.5% vs 8.2%; RR, 0.94; 95%CI 0.54-1.63; p=0.83) but was associated with decreased incidence of pulmonary edema in emergency department (12% vs 18%; RR, 0.66; 95%CI 0.44-0.99; p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Prehospital cooling initiated 5min after ROSC did not increase rates of achieving a target temperature of 32-34°C within 6h of hospital arrival but was safe and increased application of TTM in hospital.
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