Naohiko Aketa1, Takefumi Yamaguchi2, Teru Asato1, Yukari Yagi-Yaguchi1, Terumasa Suzuki3, Kazunari Higa3, Toshihide Kurihara4, Yoshiyuki Satake3, Kazuo Tsubota4, Jun Shimazaki3. 1. Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. 2. Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan; Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address: tym.i.eye.i@gmail.com. 3. Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa General Hospital, Chiba, Japan. 4. Department of Ophthalmology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate cytokine and protein levels in the aqueous humor (AqH) of eyes with ocular surface diseases. DESIGN: Prospective consecutive case series. METHODS: This study includes 14 patients (aged 62.4 ± 13.7 years) with chronic-phase ocular surface diseases (4 with ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, 5 with chemical burns, 2 with a thermal burn, 2 with Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and 1 with exposure keratitis), 14 matched patients without ocular surface disease (controls with corneal scar), and 30 patients who underwent cataract surgery (healthy controls). AqH samples were collected at the beginning of surgery. AqH levels of cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17A, monocyte chemotactic protein [MCP]-1, interferon [IFN]-α, IFN-γ, macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-1α, MIP-1β, P-selectin, E-selectin, soluble-intercellular adhesion molecule [s-ICAM]-1, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF], IFN-γ-induced protein [IP]-10) were measured using multiplex beads immunoassays. RESULTS: The levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, GM-CSF, E-selectin, P-selectin, and s-ICAM in AqH were significantly elevated in eyes with ocular surface diseases (in pg/mL: 1696 ± 804, 4.0 ± 1.0, 24.3 ± 9.8, 26.0 ± 18.3, 5150 ± 1232, 13122 ± 7219, and 7914 ± 2813, respectively), compared to healthy controls (IL-6: 6.36 ± 0.94, P = .001; IL-10: 1.68 ± 0.04, P = .0006; IL-17A: 3.7 ± 0.2, P = .008; GM-CSF: 2.7 ± 0.3, P = .007; E-selectin: 2093 ± 37, P = .0001; P-selectin: 3658 ± 137, P = .0001; sICAM-1: 1397 ± 119, P = .008). The levels of IL-6, IL-17A, E-selectin, and P-selectin in AqH were significantly higher in eyes with ocular surface diseases compared to those with corneal scar (IL-6: 44.1 ± 15.0, P = .0077; IL-17A: 4.1 ± 0.7, P = .034; E-selectin: 2439 ± 302, P = .039; and P-selectin: 5673 ± 1553, P = .017). CONCLUSIONS: Multiple AqH cytokine levels were elevated in chronic ocular surface diseases.
PURPOSE: To evaluate cytokine and protein levels in the aqueous humor (AqH) of eyes with ocular surface diseases. DESIGN: Prospective consecutive case series. METHODS: This study includes 14 patients (aged 62.4 ± 13.7 years) with chronic-phase ocular surface diseases (4 with ocular cicatricial pemphigoid, 5 with chemical burns, 2 with a thermal burn, 2 with Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and 1 with exposure keratitis), 14 matched patients without ocular surface disease (controls with corneal scar), and 30 patients who underwent cataract surgery (healthy controls). AqH samples were collected at the beginning of surgery. AqH levels of cytokines (interleukin [IL]-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-17A, monocyte chemotactic protein [MCP]-1, interferon [IFN]-α, IFN-γ, macrophage inflammatory protein [MIP]-1α, MIP-1β, P-selectin, E-selectin, soluble-intercellular adhesion molecule [s-ICAM]-1, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF], IFN-γ-induced protein [IP]-10) were measured using multiplex beads immunoassays. RESULTS: The levels of IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, GM-CSF, E-selectin, P-selectin, and s-ICAM in AqH were significantly elevated in eyes with ocular surface diseases (in pg/mL: 1696 ± 804, 4.0 ± 1.0, 24.3 ± 9.8, 26.0 ± 18.3, 5150 ± 1232, 13122 ± 7219, and 7914 ± 2813, respectively), compared to healthy controls (IL-6: 6.36 ± 0.94, P = .001; IL-10: 1.68 ± 0.04, P = .0006; IL-17A: 3.7 ± 0.2, P = .008; GM-CSF: 2.7 ± 0.3, P = .007; E-selectin: 2093 ± 37, P = .0001; P-selectin: 3658 ± 137, P = .0001; sICAM-1: 1397 ± 119, P = .008). The levels of IL-6, IL-17A, E-selectin, and P-selectin in AqH were significantly higher in eyes with ocular surface diseases compared to those with corneal scar (IL-6: 44.1 ± 15.0, P = .0077; IL-17A: 4.1 ± 0.7, P = .034; E-selectin: 2439 ± 302, P = .039; and P-selectin: 5673 ± 1553, P = .017). CONCLUSIONS: Multiple AqH cytokine levels were elevated in chronic ocular surface diseases.
Authors: Zala Lužnik; Silke Oellerich; Karin Roesch; Jia Yin; Markus Zumbansen; Lars Franken; Gerrit R J Melles; Reza Dana Journal: Ophthalmology Date: 2019-04-12 Impact factor: 12.079