D Vancampfort1, B Stubbs2, M P Herring3, M Hallgren4, A Koyanagi5. 1. KU Leuven Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, University Psychiatric Center KU Leuven, Leuven-Kortenberg, Belgium. Electronic address: davy.vancampfort@kuleuven.be. 2. Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, United Kingdom; Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, United Kingdom; Faculty of Health, Social Care and Education, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, United Kingdom. 3. Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland. 4. Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. 5. Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Madrid, Spain.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the association between sedentary behavior (SB) and anxiety, and explored factors that influence this relationship in six low- and middle-income countries. METHOD: Cross-sectional data were analyzed from the World Health Organization's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between anxiety and self-reported SB. Potentially influential factors were examined with mediation analysis. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 42,469 adults aged≥18years (50.1% female; mean age 43.8years). After adjusting for sociodemographics and country, people with anxiety engaged in 24 (95%CI=7-41) more minutes per day of SB than non-anxious individuals; the corresponding figure for the elderly (≥65years) was much higher (55min; 95% CI=29-81). Anxiety was associated with a 2.0 (95%CI=1.5-2.7) times higher odds for high SB (i.e., ≥8h/day). Overall, the largest proportion of the high SB-anxiety relationship was explained by mobility limitations (46.8%), followed by impairments in sleep/energy (44.9%), pain/discomfort (31.7%), disability (27.0%), cognition (13.3%), and physical activity levels (6.3%). CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety was significantly associated with high SB, particularly among older adults. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to disentangle the potentially complex interplay of factors that may influence the anxiety-SB relationship.
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the association between sedentary behavior (SB) and anxiety, and explored factors that influence this relationship in six low- and middle-income countries. METHOD: Cross-sectional data were analyzed from the World Health Organization's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health. Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between anxiety and self-reported SB. Potentially influential factors were examined with mediation analysis. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 42,469 adults aged≥18years (50.1% female; mean age 43.8years). After adjusting for sociodemographics and country, people with anxiety engaged in 24 (95%CI=7-41) more minutes per day of SB than non-anxious individuals; the corresponding figure for the elderly (≥65years) was much higher (55min; 95% CI=29-81). Anxiety was associated with a 2.0 (95%CI=1.5-2.7) times higher odds for high SB (i.e., ≥8h/day). Overall, the largest proportion of the high SB-anxiety relationship was explained by mobility limitations (46.8%), followed by impairments in sleep/energy (44.9%), pain/discomfort (31.7%), disability (27.0%), cognition (13.3%), and physical activity levels (6.3%). CONCLUSIONS:Anxiety was significantly associated with high SB, particularly among older adults. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to disentangle the potentially complex interplay of factors that may influence the anxiety-SB relationship.
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