Dan Wu1, Jun Lei2, Bei Jia2,3, Han Xie2,4, Yan Zhu2,5, Jiadi Xu1,6, Susumu Mori1,6, Jiangyang Zhang7, Irina Burd2. 1. Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 2. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 3. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China. 4. Center for Prenatal and Hereditary Disease Diagnosis, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, P.R. China. 5. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China. 6. F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 7. Bernard and Irene Schwartz Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides useful markers to examine placental function. MRI features of placental injury due to intrauterine inflammation-a common risk during pregnancy, are not well known. PURPOSE: To investigate the capability of structural MRI and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging in examining acute placental injury in a mouse model of intrauterine inflammation, as well as gestation-dependent placental changes. STUDY TYPE: Prospective study. ANIMAL MODEL: Pregnant CD1 mice were scanned on embryonic day 15 (E15, n = 40 placentas from six dams) and E17. On E17, mice were subjected to intrauterine injury by exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS, n = 25 placentas from three dams) or sham injury (n = 25 placentas from three dams). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: In vivo MRI was performed on an 11.7T Bruker scanner, using a fast spin-echo sequence and a diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequence. ASSESSMENT: T2 -weighted MRI was acquired to evaluate placental volume. IVIM imaging was performed in a restricted field-of-view using 15 b-values from 10-800 s/mm2 , based on which, the pseudodiffusion fraction (f), pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*), and tissue water coefficient (D) were estimated with a two-step fitting procedure. STATISTICAL TESTS: Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the group differences. RESULTS: The placental volume increased by ∼21% from E15 to E17 (P < 0.01), and a 15% volume loss was observed at 6 hours after LPS exposure (P < 0.01). IVIM parameters (f, D*, and f·D*) were similar between the E15 and E17 sham groups (P > 0.05), which was significantly reduced in the LPS-exposed placentas compared to the shams (P < 0.001). D values decreased from E15 to E17 (P < 0.05), which were further reduced after LPS exposure (P < 0.05). Changes in placental area and vascular density were histologically identified in the LPS-exposed group, along with gestation-dependent changes. DATA CONCLUSION: Our results suggested structural MRI and IVIM measurements are potential markers for detecting acute placental injury after intrauterine inflammation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1260-1267.
BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides useful markers to examine placental function. MRI features of placental injury due to intrauterine inflammation-a common risk during pregnancy, are not well known. PURPOSE: To investigate the capability of structural MRI and intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging in examining acute placental injury in a mouse model of intrauterine inflammation, as well as gestation-dependent placental changes. STUDY TYPE: Prospective study. ANIMAL MODEL: Pregnant CD1 mice were scanned on embryonic day 15 (E15, n = 40 placentas from six dams) and E17. On E17, mice were subjected to intrauterine injury by exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS, n = 25 placentas from three dams) or sham injury (n = 25 placentas from three dams). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: In vivo MRI was performed on an 11.7T Bruker scanner, using a fast spin-echo sequence and a diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging (EPI) sequence. ASSESSMENT: T2 -weighted MRI was acquired to evaluate placental volume. IVIM imaging was performed in a restricted field-of-view using 15 b-values from 10-800 s/mm2 , based on which, the pseudodiffusion fraction (f), pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*), and tissue water coefficient (D) were estimated with a two-step fitting procedure. STATISTICAL TESTS: Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the group differences. RESULTS: The placental volume increased by ∼21% from E15 to E17 (P < 0.01), and a 15% volume loss was observed at 6 hours after LPS exposure (P < 0.01). IVIM parameters (f, D*, and f·D*) were similar between the E15 and E17 sham groups (P > 0.05), which was significantly reduced in the LPS-exposed placentas compared to the shams (P < 0.001). D values decreased from E15 to E17 (P < 0.05), which were further reduced after LPS exposure (P < 0.05). Changes in placental area and vascular density were histologically identified in the LPS-exposed group, along with gestation-dependent changes. DATA CONCLUSION: Our results suggested structural MRI and IVIM measurements are potential markers for detecting acute placental injury after intrauterine inflammation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1260-1267.
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