Ximena Díaz-Martínez1, Lewis Steell2, María Adela Martinez3, Ana María Leiva4, Carlos Salas-Bravo5, Ana María Labraña6, Eliana Duran6, Carlos Cristi-Montero7, Katherine M Livingstone8, Alex Garrido-Méndez9, Cristian Alvarez10, Felipe Poblete-Valderrama11, María Luisa Zagalaz12, Pedro Valdivia-Moral13, Liliana Cuadra5, Natalia Ulloa14, Naomi D Willis15, Carlos A Celis-Morales2,15. 1. Quality of Life Research Group, Department of Education Science, Faculty of Education and Humanity, University of Bio-Bio, Chillan, Chile. 2. BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Science, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. 3. Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University Austral of Chile, Valdivia, Chile. 4. Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University Austral of Chile, Valdivia, Chile. 5. Departamento de Educación Física, Facultad de Educación y Centro de Vida Saludable de la Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile. 6. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile. 7. School of Physical Education, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile. 8. Deakin University, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Geelong, Australia. 9. Escuela de Educación Física, Universidad San Sebastián, Concepción, Chile. 10. Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Research Nucleus in Health, Physical Activity and Sport, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile. 11. Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Sede Valdivia, Chile. 12. Grupo de Investigación del PAIDI, Universidad de Jaén (España), HUM653, Innovación Didáctica en Actividad Física (IDAF), Spain. 13. Grupo de Investigación del PAIDI, Universidad de Granada (España), HUM653, Innovación Didáctica en Actividad Física (IDAF), Spain. 14. Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Centro de Vida Saludable de la Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile. 15. Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
Abstract
Background: Sitting behaviours have increased markedly during the last two decades in Chile. However, their associations with health outcomes such as diabetes have not been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the independent association of self-reported sitting time with diabetes-related markers and diabetes prevalence in Chile. Methods: This cross-sectional study included participants (aged ≥18 years) from the Chilean National Health Survey 2009-10 (n = 4457). Fasting glucose and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were measured by standardized protocols. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) was determined using WHO criteria. Physical activity (PA) and time spent sitting were determined using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Results: The odds ratio for T2D was 1.10 [95% CI: 1.04-1.16, P = 0.002] and 1.08 [1.02-1.14, P = 0.002] per 1 h increase in sitting time in men and women, respectively, independent of age, education, smoking, BMI and total PA. Overall, prevalence of T2D was 10.2 and 17.2% in individuals classified in the lowest and highest categories of sitting time, respectively. No significant associations were found between sitting time and glucose or HbA1c. Conclusions: Sitting time is positively associated with diabetes risk, independent of socio-demographic, obesity and PA levels, in the Chilean population.
Background: Sitting behaviours have increased markedly during the last two decades in Chile. However, their associations with health outcomes such as diabetes have not been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the independent association of self-reported sitting time with diabetes-related markers and diabetes prevalence in Chile. Methods: This cross-sectional study included participants (aged ≥18 years) from the Chilean National Health Survey 2009-10 (n = 4457). Fasting glucose and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were measured by standardized protocols. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) was determined using WHO criteria. Physical activity (PA) and time spent sitting were determined using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Results: The odds ratio for T2D was 1.10 [95% CI: 1.04-1.16, P = 0.002] and 1.08 [1.02-1.14, P = 0.002] per 1 h increase in sitting time in men and women, respectively, independent of age, education, smoking, BMI and total PA. Overall, prevalence of T2D was 10.2 and 17.2% in individuals classified in the lowest and highest categories of sitting time, respectively. No significant associations were found between sitting time and glucose or HbA1c. Conclusions: Sitting time is positively associated with diabetes risk, independent of socio-demographic, obesity and PA levels, in the Chilean population.
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