Y-Z Zhao1, Z-Y Gao, L-Q Ma, Y-Y Zhuang, F-L Guan. 1. Department of Neurosurgery, Hongqi Hospital Affiliated to Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang Province, China. 13903658854@139.com.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To study the structural and functional changes in mitochondria in astrocytes of the cerebral cortex of the rats in the simulated sepsis environment in vitro and the relationship between these changes and the biogenesis of mitochondria in astrocytes by establishing models of sepsis astrocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The structural and functional changes in mitochondria in astrocytes of the cerebral cortex of the rats were evaluated. The ultra structural changes in the mitochondria, astrocytes, and ultrathin sections, were observed with a transmission electron microscope. The expression of the regulatory factors related to biogenesis of mitochondria in astrocytes of the cerebral cortex of the rats was evaluated in various experimental groups. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to evaluate the expression of the regulatory factors related to biogenesis of mitochondria in astrocytes of the cerebral cortex of the rats. The "point grid method" was used to evaluate the volume density of the mitochondria in the astrocytes of the cerebral cortex of the rats in various experimental groups. The Western blotting was used to evaluate the role of fusion and fission of mitochondria in the astrocytes of the cerebral cortex of the rats in various experimental groups in regulating the expression of the protein-OPAI and DRPI. RESULTS: In the sepsis astrocyte models established by co-incubation of LPS and IFN-γ and astrocytes of the cerebral cortex of the rats, the mitochondria with a minor injury in the 6 h group (2.97± 0.92) increased significantly when compared with those in the 0 h group (1.08±0.95), 12 h group (1.70±1.01), and 24 h group (1.59±0.55) (p<0.05); the concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the astrocytes of the cerebral cortex of the rats in the 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h groups increased significantly when compared with that in the 0 h group (p<0.05). PGC-1α mRNA, NRF-1 mRNA, NRF-2α mRNA, NRF-2β mRNA, and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) mRNA in the astrocytes of the cerebral cortex of the rats in the 6 h and 12 h groups increased significantly when compared with those in the 0 h group (p<0.05); the concentration of TFAM mRNA (1.20±0.19) increased significantly when compared with that in the 0 h group (p<0.05). The OPAI protein concentration (1.21±0.17:1.34±0.06) and DRPI protein concentration (1.04±0.05; 1.05±0.05) in the astrocytes of the cerebral cortex of the rats in the 12 h group (1.25±0.17), 24 h group (1.33±0.24), and 6 h group increased significantly when compared with that in the 0 h group (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The experimental sepsis conditions can cause a minor injury of the ultrastructure of the mitochondria in the astrocytes of the cerebral cortex of the rats. The biogenesis of the mitochondria in the astrocytes of the cerebral cortex of the rats was strengthened to cater for the increased demand for energy of the astrocytes under the sepsis conditions and finally recover the ultrastructure of the mitochondria with a minor injury. In response to the increased mitochondrial biogenesis, the activities of the mitochondrial fusion and fission of the astrocytes of the cerebral cortex of the rats were increased.
OBJECTIVE: To study the structural and functional changes in mitochondria in astrocytes of the cerebral cortex of the rats in the simulated sepsis environment in vitro and the relationship between these changes and the biogenesis of mitochondria in astrocytes by establishing models of sepsis astrocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The structural and functional changes in mitochondria in astrocytes of the cerebral cortex of the rats were evaluated. The ultra structural changes in the mitochondria, astrocytes, and ultrathin sections, were observed with a transmission electron microscope. The expression of the regulatory factors related to biogenesis of mitochondria in astrocytes of the cerebral cortex of the rats was evaluated in various experimental groups. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to evaluate the expression of the regulatory factors related to biogenesis of mitochondria in astrocytes of the cerebral cortex of the rats. The "point grid method" was used to evaluate the volume density of the mitochondria in the astrocytes of the cerebral cortex of the rats in various experimental groups. The Western blotting was used to evaluate the role of fusion and fission of mitochondria in the astrocytes of the cerebral cortex of the rats in various experimental groups in regulating the expression of the protein-OPAI and DRPI. RESULTS: In the sepsis astrocyte models established by co-incubation of LPS and IFN-γ and astrocytes of the cerebral cortex of the rats, the mitochondria with a minor injury in the 6 h group (2.97± 0.92) increased significantly when compared with those in the 0 h group (1.08±0.95), 12 h group (1.70±1.01), and 24 h group (1.59±0.55) (p<0.05); the concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the astrocytes of the cerebral cortex of the rats in the 6 h, 12 h, and 24 h groups increased significantly when compared with that in the 0 h group (p<0.05). PGC-1α mRNA, NRF-1 mRNA, NRF-2α mRNA, NRF-2β mRNA, and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) mRNA in the astrocytes of the cerebral cortex of the rats in the 6 h and 12 h groups increased significantly when compared with those in the 0 h group (p<0.05); the concentration of TFAM mRNA (1.20±0.19) increased significantly when compared with that in the 0 h group (p<0.05). The OPAI protein concentration (1.21±0.17:1.34±0.06) and DRPI protein concentration (1.04±0.05; 1.05±0.05) in the astrocytes of the cerebral cortex of the rats in the 12 h group (1.25±0.17), 24 h group (1.33±0.24), and 6 h group increased significantly when compared with that in the 0 h group (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The experimental sepsis conditions can cause a minor injury of the ultrastructure of the mitochondria in the astrocytes of the cerebral cortex of the rats. The biogenesis of the mitochondria in the astrocytes of the cerebral cortex of the rats was strengthened to cater for the increased demand for energy of the astrocytes under the sepsis conditions and finally recover the ultrastructure of the mitochondria with a minor injury. In response to the increased mitochondrial biogenesis, the activities of the mitochondrial fusion and fission of the astrocytes of the cerebral cortex of the rats were increased.