| Literature DB >> 28973570 |
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Abstract
Entities:
Year: 2017 PMID: 28973570 PMCID: PMC5779264 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iex038
Source DB: PubMed Journal: J Insect Sci ISSN: 1536-2442 Impact factor: 1.857
Developmental time (means ± SE) and survival of Glyphodes pyloalis immature stages at constant temperatures
| Temperature
(°C) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stage | 16 | 20 | 24 | 28 | 30 | 32 |
| Egg | 9.75 ± 0.07a | 6.52 ± 0.04b | 4.76 ± 0.04c | 3.71 ± 0.05d | 3.00 ± 0.00e | 3.00 ± 0.00e |
| no (s) | 150 (65.71) | 112 (70.38) | 107 (83.53) | 80 (87.50) | 106 (77.36) | 84 (61.90) |
| Larva I | 8.92 ± 0.18a | 4.97 ± 0.09b | 3.15 ± 0.07c | 2.38 ± 0.10d | 2.00 ± 0.00e | 2.45 ± 0.10d |
| no (s) | 97 (91.75) | 78 (85.90) | 89 (100) | 59 (100) | 82 (100) | 52 (100) |
| Larva II | 6.48 ± 0.14a | 3.68 ± 0.10b | 2.41 ± 0.06c | 2.00 ± 0.04d | 1.04 ± 0.03e | 1.84 ± 0.10d |
| no (s) | 89 (94.38) | 67 (98.51) | 89 (97.75) | 59 (94.92) | 82 (100) | 52 (100) |
| Larva III | 6.18 ± 0.13a | 4.00 ± 0.12b | 2.15 ± 0.05c | 2.06 ± 0.03cd | 1.76 ± 0.06d | 1.95 ± 0.10cd |
| no (s) | 84 (90.48) | 66 (93.94) | 87 (97.70) | 56 (100) | 82 (95.12) | 52 (98.08) |
| Larva IV | 6.72 ± 0.17a | 5.53 ± 0.15b | 2.64 ± 0.07c | 2.44 ± 0.07cd | 1.88 ± 0.05e | 2.00 ± 0.08de |
| no (s) | 76 (85.53) | 62 (96.77) | 85 (98.82) | 56 (94.64) | 78 (94.87) | 51 (100) |
| Larva V | 8.22 ± 0.16a | 6.18 ± 0.13b | 3.72 ± 0.08c | 2.87 ± 0.09d | 3. 07 ± 0.07d | 2.74 ± 0.16d |
| no (s) | 65 (83.08) | 60 (100) | 84 (96.43) | 53 (98.11) | 74 (93.24) | 51 (86.27) |
| Larva VI | 8.33 ± 1.33a | – | – | – | 4.50 ± 1.15b | 2.67 ± 0.19b |
| no (s) | 54 (92.59) | – | – | – | 69 (98.55) | 44 (86.36) |
| Larvae | 37.02 ± 0.34a | 24.37 ± 0.31b | 14.06 ± 0.12c | 11.75 ± 0.13d | 10.16 ±0.18e | 11.89 ± 0.28d |
| no (s) | 97 (51.55) | 78 (76.92) | 89 (91.01) | 59 (88.14) | 82 (82.93) | 52 (73.08) |
| Pre pupa | 101.68 ± 11.03 | 4.64 ± 0.11a | 2.28 ± 0.05b | 1.94 ± 0.03c | 2.11 ± 0.06bc | 2.25 ± 0.19bc |
| no (s) | 50 (38) | 60 (83.33) | 81 (96.30) | 52 (100) | 68 (92.65) | 38 (84.21) |
| Pupa | 24.67 ± 1.61 | 12.32 ± 0.14a | 8.62 ± 0.07b | 7.08 ± 0.05c | 6.80 ± 0.09c | 6.14 ± 0.08d |
| no (s) | 19 (31.57) | 50 (94) | 78 (87.18) | 52 (98.08) | 63 (85.71) | 32 (65.63) |
| Immature | 134.33 ± 25.19 | 46.62 ± 0.23a | 29.34 ± 0.17b | 24.47 ± 0.17c | 22.04 ± 0.20d | 22.43 ± 0.25d |
No, sample size; s, survival (%). Means within rows followed by the same letters are not significantly different (P < 0.05).
At 20, 24, and 28 °C larvae completed development in five stadia.
Comparing the prepupal, pupal, and total developmental times was done without considering of the temperature at 16 °C.