Girisha Balaraju1, Mallikarjun Patil2, Adarsh C Krishnamurthy3, Dheeraj Karanth4, Harshad Devarbhavi2. 1. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal 576104, India. 2. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, St John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India. 3. BGS Global Hospital, Bangalore, India. 4. Vikram Hospital, Bangalore, India.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Nosocomial acquisition of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is debated as having a different microbial etiology and prognosis. Identification of clinical, laboratory predictors of mortality and appropriate empirical antimicrobial selection is necessary to prevent early mortality and morbidity. We aimed to find the clinical and bacteriological profile in nosocomial and community acquired SBP and its variants, and the predictors of mortality. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and fifty patients with 162 discrete episodes of different types of SBP were analyzed. Relevant clinical and laboratory data were analyzed. SBP was diagnosed according to standard criteria and classified as community acquired if the infection detected within 48 h of admission and as nosocomial after 48 h of admission to the hospital. RESULTS: Eighty seven percent had community acquired SBP (CSBP), 13% had nosocomial SBP (NSBP). Patients of NSBP were older, had more episodes of GI bleed and higher previous episodes of encephalopathy. Patients who died were older, had worse encephalopathy. NSBP had higher one month mortality. Age, serum sodium, encephalopathy and NSBP predicted mortality. Culture positivity was 22.22%. Escherichia coli was the commonest organism isolated. There was no difference in the bacteriological profile between CSBP and NSBP. E. coli showed up to 48% resistance to third generation cephalosporins. Overall sensitivity to aminoglycosides was more than 75%. CONCLUSIONS: Overall mortality was 59%. NSBP had significantly high one month mortality. Age, serum sodium, encephalopathy and NSBP were predictors of mortality. Bacteriological profile was similar between CSBP and NSBP.
BACKGROUND: Nosocomial acquisition of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is debated as having a different microbial etiology and prognosis. Identification of clinical, laboratory predictors of mortality and appropriate empirical antimicrobial selection is necessary to prevent early mortality and morbidity. We aimed to find the clinical and bacteriological profile in nosocomial and community acquired SBP and its variants, and the predictors of mortality. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred and fifty patients with 162 discrete episodes of different types of SBP were analyzed. Relevant clinical and laboratory data were analyzed. SBP was diagnosed according to standard criteria and classified as community acquired if the infection detected within 48 h of admission and as nosocomial after 48 h of admission to the hospital. RESULTS: Eighty seven percent had community acquired SBP (CSBP), 13% had nosocomial SBP (NSBP). Patients of NSBP were older, had more episodes of GI bleed and higher previous episodes of encephalopathy. Patients who died were older, had worse encephalopathy. NSBP had higher one month mortality. Age, serum sodium, encephalopathy and NSBP predicted mortality. Culture positivity was 22.22%. Escherichia coli was the commonest organism isolated. There was no difference in the bacteriological profile between CSBP and NSBP. E. coli showed up to 48% resistance to third generation cephalosporins. Overall sensitivity to aminoglycosides was more than 75%. CONCLUSIONS: Overall mortality was 59%. NSBP had significantly high one month mortality. Age, serum sodium, encephalopathy and NSBP were predictors of mortality. Bacteriological profile was similar between CSBP and NSBP.
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