Leukemia cells detection based on electroporation assisted surface-enhanced Raman scattering.

In this study, an electroporation-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique was employed to differentiate the human myeloid leukemia cells from the normal human bone marrow mononuclear cells with the aim to develop a fast and label-free method for leukemia cell screening. The Ag nanoparticles were delivered into living cells by electroporation, and then high quality SERS spectra were successfully obtained from 60 acute promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL60 cell line), 60 chronic myelogenous leukemia cells (K562 cell line) and 60 normal human bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMC). Principal component analysis (PCA) combined with linear discriminant analysis (LDA) differentiated the leukemia cell SERS spectra (HL60 plus K562) from normal cell SERS spectra (BMC) with high sensitivity (98.3%) and specificity (98.3%). Furthermore, partial least squares (PLS) approach was employed to develop a diagnostic model. The model successfully predicted the unidentified subjects with a diagnostic accuracy of 96.7%. This exploratory work demonstrates that the electroporation-based SERS technique combined with PCA-LDA and PLS diagnostic algorithms possesses great promise for cancer cell screening.