Tianjing Zhang1, Xiaoyu Chang1, Wanlu Liu1, Xiaoxia Li1, Faxuan Wang1, Liping Huang2, Sha Liao3, Xiuying Liu1, Yuhong Zhang1, Yi Zhao4. 1. School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China. 2. The George Institute for Global Heath, B1801， No. 6 Zhichun Rd, Haidian District, Beijing 100088, China. 3. Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Xiaoxue Road, Wuhou District, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, China. 4. School of Public Health and Management, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, China. Electronic address: zhaoyi751114@gmail.com.
Abstract
Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper and iron are associated with the sequela of hypertension. The most reliable method for testing those elements is by collecting 24-h urine samples. However, this is cumbersome and collection of spot urine is more convenient in some circumstance. The aim of this study was to compare the concentrations of different elements in 24-h urine and spot urine. METHODS: Data was collected from a sub-study of China Salt Substitute and Stroke Study. 240 participants were recruited randomly from 12 villages in two counties in Ningxia, China. Both spot and 24-h urine specimens were collected from each patient. Routine urine test was conducted, and concentration of elements was measured using microwave digestion and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry. Partial correlation analysis and Spearman correlation analysis were used to investigate the concentration of different elements and the relationship between 24- h urine and spot urine. RESULTS: A partial correlation in sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron was found between paired 24-h urine and spot urine samples except copper and zinc: 0.430, 0.426, 0.550, 0.221 and 0.191 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Spot urine can replace 24-h urine for estimating some of the elements in hypertensive patients with normal renal function.
Sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper and iron are associated with the sequela of hypertension. The most reliable method for testing those elements is by collecting 24-h urine samples. However, this is cumbersome and collection of spot urine is more convenient in some circumstance. The aim of this study was to compare the concentrations of different elements in 24-h urine and spot urine. METHODS: Data was collected from a sub-study of China Salt Substitute and Stroke Study. 240 participants were recruited randomly from 12 villages in two counties in Ningxia, China. Both spot and 24-h urine specimens were collected from each patient. Routine urine test was conducted, and concentration of elements was measured using microwave digestion and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry. Partial correlation analysis and Spearman correlation analysis were used to investigate the concentration of different elements and the relationship between 24- h urine and spot urine. RESULTS: A partial correlation in sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium and iron was found between paired 24-h urine and spot urine samples except copper and zinc: 0.430, 0.426, 0.550, 0.221 and 0.191 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Spot urine can replace 24-h urine for estimating some of the elements in hypertensivepatients with normal renal function.
Authors: Rocío Barragán; Juan Llopis; Olga Portolés; Jose V Sorlí; Oscar Coltell; Lorenzo Rivas-García; Eva M Asensio; Carolina Ortega-Azorín; Dolores Corella; Cristina Sánchez-González Journal: Nutrients Date: 2020-04-08 Impact factor: 5.717
Authors: Jacob J Zulk; Justin R Clark; Samantha Ottinger; Mallory B Ballard; Marlyd E Mejia; Vicki Mercado-Evans; Emmaline R Heckmann; Belkys C Sanchez; Barbara W Trautner; Anthony W Maresso; Kathryn A Patras Journal: mSphere Date: 2022-08-03 Impact factor: 5.029