BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether the incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) is greater with maternal smoking or with passive smoking during pregnancy. OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of smoking and passive smoking during pregnancy on the risk of NTDs. SEARCH STRATEGY: English and Chinese databases were searched for relevant papers published before March 2017, using search terms including "smoking" and "NTD." SELECTION CRITERIA: Case-control and cohort studies on the aforementioned association were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently extracted the original data. Meta-analyses were performed to assess the risks associated with smoking and passive smoking, followed by a comparison of the two pooled effect estimates. The I2 statistic was used to examine between-study heterogeneity. MAIN RESULTS: The final analysis included 23 articles representing 33 studies. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the risk of NTDs was 1.052 (0.907-1.220) with smoking and 1.898 (1.557-2.313) with passive smoking. Comparison of these ORs indicated that the risk of NTDs was higher with passive smoking than with smoking (OR 1.804, 95% CI 1.409-2.309). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with smoking, exposure to passive smoking during pregnancy carries a higher risk of having infants with NTDs.
BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether the incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs) is greater with maternal smoking or with passive smoking during pregnancy. OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of smoking and passive smoking during pregnancy on the risk of NTDs. SEARCH STRATEGY: English and Chinese databases were searched for relevant papers published before March 2017, using search terms including "smoking" and "NTD." SELECTION CRITERIA: Case-control and cohort studies on the aforementioned association were included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently extracted the original data. Meta-analyses were performed to assess the risks associated with smoking and passive smoking, followed by a comparison of the two pooled effect estimates. The I2 statistic was used to examine between-study heterogeneity. MAIN RESULTS: The final analysis included 23 articles representing 33 studies. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the risk of NTDs was 1.052 (0.907-1.220) with smoking and 1.898 (1.557-2.313) with passive smoking. Comparison of these ORs indicated that the risk of NTDs was higher with passive smoking than with smoking (OR 1.804, 95% CI 1.409-2.309). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with smoking, exposure to passive smoking during pregnancy carries a higher risk of having infants with NTDs.
Authors: Dominique Heinke; Janet W Rich-Edwards; Paige L Williams; Sonia Hernandez-Diaz; Marlene Anderka; Sarah C Fisher; Tania A Desrosiers; Gary M Shaw; Paul A Romitti; Mark A Canfield; Mahsa M Yazdy Journal: Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol Date: 2020-04-06 Impact factor: 3.103
Authors: David Rojas-Rueda; Emily Morales-Zamora; Wael Abdullah Alsufyani; Christopher H Herbst; Salem M AlBalawi; Reem Alsukait; Mashael Alomran Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-01-15 Impact factor: 3.390