GOAL: Develop and test an MRI-compatible hydrodynamic simulator of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) motion in the cervical spinal subarachnoid space. Four anatomically realistic subject-specific models were created based on a 22-year-old healthy volunteer and a five-year-old patient diagnosed with Chiari I malformation. METHODS: The in vitro models were based on manual segmentation of high-resolution T2-weighted MRI of the cervical spine. Anatomically realistic dorsal and ventral spinal cord nerve rootlets (NR) were added. Models were three dimensional (3-D) printed by stereolithography with 50-μm layer thickness. A computer controlled pump system was used to replicate the shape of the subject specific in vivo CSF flow measured by phase-contrast MRI. Each model was then scanned by T2-weighted and 4-D phase contrast MRI (4D flow). RESULTS: Cross-sectional area, wetted perimeter, and hydraulic diameter were quantified for each model. The oscillatory CSF velocity field (flow jets near NR, velocity profile shape, and magnitude) had similar characteristics to previously reported studies in the literature measured by in vivo MRI. CONCLUSION: This study describes the first MRI-compatible hydrodynamic simulator of CSF motion in the cervical spine with anatomically realistic NR. NR were found to impact CSF velocity profiles to a great degree. SIGNIFICANCE: CSF hydrodynamics are thought to be altered in craniospinal disorders such as Chiari I malformation. MRI scanning techniques and protocols can be used to quantify CSF flow alterations in disease states. The provided in vitro models can be used to test the reliability of these protocols across MRI scanner manufacturers and machines.
GOAL: Develop and test an MRI-compatible hydrodynamic simulator of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) motion in the cervical spinal subarachnoid space. Four anatomically realistic subject-specific models were created based on a 22-year-old healthy volunteer and a five-year-old patient diagnosed with Chiari I malformation. METHODS: The in vitro models were based on manual segmentation of high-resolution T2-weighted MRI of the cervical spine. Anatomically realistic dorsal and ventral spinal cord nerve rootlets (NR) were added. Models were three dimensional (3-D) printed by stereolithography with 50-μm layer thickness. A computer controlled pump system was used to replicate the shape of the subject specific in vivo CSF flow measured by phase-contrast MRI. Each model was then scanned by T2-weighted and 4-D phase contrast MRI (4D flow). RESULTS: Cross-sectional area, wetted perimeter, and hydraulic diameter were quantified for each model. The oscillatory CSF velocity field (flow jets near NR, velocity profile shape, and magnitude) had similar characteristics to previously reported studies in the literature measured by in vivo MRI. CONCLUSION: This study describes the first MRI-compatible hydrodynamic simulator of CSF motion in the cervical spine with anatomically realistic NR. NR were found to impact CSF velocity profiles to a great degree. SIGNIFICANCE: CSF hydrodynamics are thought to be altered in craniospinal disorders such as Chiari I malformation. MRI scanning techniques and protocols can be used to quantify CSF flow alterations in disease states. The provided in vitro models can be used to test the reliability of these protocols across MRI scanner manufacturers and machines.
Authors: Liesbeth P Salm; Joanne D Schuijf; Hildo J Lamb; Jeroen J Bax; Hubert W Vliegen; J Wouter Jukema; Ernst E van der Wall; Albert de Roos; Joost Doornbos Journal: J Cardiovasc Magn Reson Date: 2007 Impact factor: 5.364
Authors: J Levi Chazen; Jonathan P Dyke; Robert W Holt; Laura Horky; Rachel A Pauplis; Jacob Y Hesterman; David P Mozley; Ajay Verma Journal: Clin Imaging Date: 2017-03-02 Impact factor: 1.605
Authors: Victor M Haughton; Frank R Korosec; Joshua E Medow; Maria T Dolar; Bermans J Iskandar Journal: AJNR Am J Neuroradiol Date: 2003-02 Impact factor: 3.825
Authors: Bryn A Martin; Theresia I Yiallourou; Soroush Heidari Pahlavian; Suraj Thyagaraj; Alexander C Bunck; Francis Loth; Daniel B Sheffer; Jan Robert Kröger; Nikolaos Stergiopulos Journal: Ann Biomed Eng Date: 2015-10-07 Impact factor: 3.934
Authors: Lucas R Sass; Mohammadreza Khani; Gabryel Connely Natividad; R Shane Tubbs; Olivier Baledent; Bryn A Martin Journal: Fluids Barriers CNS Date: 2017-12-19
Authors: Gwendolyn Williams; Suraj Thyagaraj; Audrey Fu; John Oshinski; Daniel Giese; Alexander C Bunck; Eleonora Fornari; Francesco Santini; Mark Luciano; Francis Loth; Bryn A Martin Journal: Fluids Barriers CNS Date: 2021-03-18
Authors: Lucas R Sass; Mohammadreza Khani; Jacob Romm; Marianne Schmid Daners; Kyle McCain; Tavara Freeman; Gregory T Carter; Douglas L Weeks; Brian Petersen; Jason Aldred; Dena Wingett; Bryn A Martin Journal: Fluids Barriers CNS Date: 2020-01-21