J C Arango-Lasprilla1,2, D Rivera2, S Trapp3, C Jiménez-Pérez4, C L Hernández Carrillo5, S Pohlenz Amador6, E Vergara-Moragues7, Y Rodríguez-Agudelo8, W Rodriguez-Irizarry9, C García de la Cadena10, A Galvao-Carmona11, J Galarza-Del-Angel12, X Llerena Espezúa13, N Torales Cabrera14, P Flor-Caravia15, A Aguayo Arelis16, M Saracostti Schwartzman17, R Barranco Casimiro18, N Albaladejo-Blázquez19. 1. IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain. 2. BioCruces Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Barakaldo, Spain. 3. Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Utah, Utah, USA. 4. CIMCYC-The Mind, Brain and Behaviour Research Centre, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain. 5. National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery INN, Havana, Cuba. 6. Escuela de Ciencias Psicológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras. 7. Universidad Internacional de la Rioja (UNIR), Logroño, Spain. 8. Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, MVS, Ciudad de México, México. 9. Universidad Interamericana de Puerto Rico, Recinto de San Germán, Puerto Rico. 10. Departamento de Psicología, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala. 11. Department of Psychology, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Sevilla, Spain. 12. Laboratorio de Psicofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexicali, México. 13. Universidad Católica San Pablo, Arequipa, Perú. 14. Universidad Autónoma de Asunción (UAA), Asunción, Paraguay. 15. Escuela de Psicología, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador. 16. Departamento de investigación, Psicología, Universidad Enrique Díaz de León, Guadalajara, México. 17. Universidad de la Frontera, Temuco, Chile. 18. Research Center CERNEP, Almeria University, Almería, Spain. 19. Department of Health Psychology, University of Alicante, Spain.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To generate normative data for the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) in Spanish-speaking pediatric populations. METHOD: The sample consisted of 4,373 healthy children from nine countries in Latin America (Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Each participant was administered the SDMT as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. SDMT scores were normed using multiple linear regressions and standard deviations of residual values. Age, age2, sex, and mean level of parental education (MLPE) were included as predictors in the analyses. RESULTS: The final multiple linear regression models showed main effects for age in all countries, such that score increased linearly as a function of age. In addition, age2 had a significant effect in all countries, except in Honduras and Puerto Rico. Models indicated that children whose parent(s) had a MLPE >12 years of education obtained higher score compared to children whose parent(s) had a MLPE ≤12 years for Chile, Guatemala, Mexico, and Spain. Sex affected SDMT score for Paraguay and Spain. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest Spanish-speaking pediatric normative study in the world, and it will allow neuropsychologists from these countries to have a more accurate interpretation of the SDMT with pediatric populations.
OBJECTIVE: To generate normative data for the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) in Spanish-speaking pediatric populations. METHOD: The sample consisted of 4,373 healthy children from nine countries in Latin America (Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Paraguay, Peru, and Puerto Rico) and Spain. Each participant was administered the SDMT as part of a larger neuropsychological battery. SDMT scores were normed using multiple linear regressions and standard deviations of residual values. Age, age2, sex, and mean level of parental education (MLPE) were included as predictors in the analyses. RESULTS: The final multiple linear regression models showed main effects for age in all countries, such that score increased linearly as a function of age. In addition, age2 had a significant effect in all countries, except in Honduras and Puerto Rico. Models indicated that children whose parent(s) had a MLPE >12 years of education obtained higher score compared to children whose parent(s) had a MLPE ≤12 years for Chile, Guatemala, Mexico, and Spain. Sex affected SDMT score for Paraguay and Spain. CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest Spanish-speaking pediatric normative study in the world, and it will allow neuropsychologists from these countries to have a more accurate interpretation of the SDMT with pediatric populations.
Entities:
Keywords:
Spanish-speaking populations; Symbol Digit Modalities Test; neuropsychology; pediatric population
Authors: Marie-Noëlle Klein; Ursina Jufer-Riedi; Sarah Rieder; Céline Hochstrasser; Michelle Steiner; Li Mei Cao; Anthony Feinstein; Sandra Bigi; Karen Lidzba Journal: Front Psychol Date: 2021-04-23
Authors: Javier De Las Heras; Ibai Diez; Antonio Jimenez-Marin; Alberto Cabrera; Daniela Ramos-Usuga; Marta Venecia Diaz-Fernandez; Leire Torices; Caroline E Nunes-Xavier; Rafael Pulido; Juan Carlos Arango-Lasprilla; Jesus M Cortes Journal: J Clin Med Date: 2020-04-02 Impact factor: 4.241
Authors: Joaquín A Ibáñez-Alfonso; Rosalba Company-Córdoba; Claudia García de la Cadena; Antonio Sianes; Ian Craig Simpson Journal: Children (Basel) Date: 2021-01-29