Amy Heard Egbert1, Denise E Wilfley2, Kamryn T Eddy3, Kerri N Boutelle4, Nancy Zucker5, Carol B Peterson6, Angela Celio Doyle7, Daniel Le Grange8,9, Andrea B Goldschmidt10. 1. 1 Department of Psychology, Loyola University Chicago , Chicago, IL. 2. 2 Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine , St. Louis, MO. 3. 3 Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA. 4. 4 Department of Pediatrics and Psychiatry, University of California San Diego , La Jolla, CA. 5. 5 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, NC. 6. 6 Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical Center , Minneapolis, MN. 7. 7 Eating Disorders Center, Evidence Based Treatment Centers of Seattle , Seattle, WA. 8. 8 Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA. 9. 9 Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, The University of Chicago , Chicago, IL. 10. 10 Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center/The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and loss of control (LOC) eating, both prevalent in children and adolescents, may be related to one another. However, the relationship between ADHD and overeating without LOC has been largely unexamined, thus precluding an understanding of the independent contributions of LOC and episode size in these associations. The current study sought to examine associations between ADHD symptoms and maladaptive eating by evaluating three different types of eating episodes characterized by the presence/absence of LOC and the amount of food consumed: objectively large LOC episodes [objective binge eating (OBE)], subjectively large binge episodes [subjective binge eating (SBE)], and objectively large overeating episodes without LOC [objective overeating (OO)]. METHODS: Participants were 385 youth (M age = 10.89, SD = 2.25) drawn from five different research protocols at institutions across the United States. Participants and their parents completed questionnaires and semistructured interviews to assess ADHD symptoms, OBE, SBE, and OO. RESULTS: As hypothesized, negative binomial regressions revealed that ADHD symptoms were significantly associated with OBE, χ2(1) = 16.61, p < 0.001, and with OO, χ2(1) = 10.64, p < 0.01. Contrary to expectations, they were not associated with SBE. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate the need for future studies to explore possible shared mechanisms (e.g., impulsivity) underlying associations between ADHD symptoms, OBE, and OO. Clinical implications include support for considering ADHD symptoms in programs that target both prevention of LOC eating and obesity more generally.
BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and loss of control (LOC) eating, both prevalent in children and adolescents, may be related to one another. However, the relationship between ADHD and overeating without LOC has been largely unexamined, thus precluding an understanding of the independent contributions of LOC and episode size in these associations. The current study sought to examine associations between ADHD symptoms and maladaptive eating by evaluating three different types of eating episodes characterized by the presence/absence of LOC and the amount of food consumed: objectively large LOC episodes [objective binge eating (OBE)], subjectively large binge episodes [subjective binge eating (SBE)], and objectively large overeating episodes without LOC [objective overeating (OO)]. METHODS:Participants were 385 youth (M age = 10.89, SD = 2.25) drawn from five different research protocols at institutions across the United States. Participants and their parents completed questionnaires and semistructured interviews to assess ADHD symptoms, OBE, SBE, and OO. RESULTS: As hypothesized, negative binomial regressions revealed that ADHD symptoms were significantly associated with OBE, χ2(1) = 16.61, p < 0.001, and with OO, χ2(1) = 10.64, p < 0.01. Contrary to expectations, they were not associated with SBE. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate the need for future studies to explore possible shared mechanisms (e.g., impulsivity) underlying associations between ADHD symptoms, OBE, and OO. Clinical implications include support for considering ADHD symptoms in programs that target both prevention of LOC eating and obesity more generally.
Entities:
Keywords:
ADHD; adolescents; binge eating; children; loss of control eating
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