Hongzheng Zhang1, Sungjin Kim2, Zhengjia Chen3, Sreenivas Nannapaneni1, Amy Y Chen4, Charles E Moore4, Gabriel Sica5, Marina Mosunjac5, Minh Ly T Nguyen6, Gypsyamber D'Souza7, Thomas E Carey8, Lisa A Peterson8, Jonathan B McHugh8, Martin Graham8, Christine M Komarck8, Gregory T Wolf8, Heather M Walline8,9, Emily Bellile10, James Riddell11, Sara I Pai12, David Sidransky13, William H Westra14, William N William15, J Jack Lee16, Adel K El-Naggar17, Robert L Ferris18, Raja Seethala19, Jennifer R Grandis20, Zhuo Georgia Chen1, Nabil F Saba1, Dong M Shin1. 1. Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. 2. Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California. 3. Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. 4. Department of Otolaryngology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. 5. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, Georgia. 6. Department of Internal Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia. 7. Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland. 8. Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 9. Cancer Biology Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 10. Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 11. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 12. Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. 13. Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. 14. Departments of Pathology Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. 15. Department of Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. 16. Department of Biostatistics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. 17. Department of Pathology, Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. 18. Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 19. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 20. Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: We examined the prognostic value of a panel of biomarkers in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) who were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive (HIV-positive head and neck cancer) and HIV negative (HIV-negative head and neck cancer). METHODS: Tissue microarrays (TMAs) were constructed using tumors from 41 disease site-matched and age-matched HIV-positive head and neck cancer cases and 44 HIV-negative head and neck cancer controls. Expression of tumor biomarkers was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and correlations examined with clinical variables. RESULTS: Expression levels of the studied oncogenic and inflammatory tumor biomarkers were not differentially regulated by HIV status. Among patients with HIV-positive head and neck cancer, laryngeal disease site (P = .003) and Clavien-Dindo classification IV (CD4) counts <200 cells/μL (P = .01) were associated with poor prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed that p16 positivity was associated with improved overall survival (OS; P < .001) whereas increased expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) was associated with poor clinical outcome (P = .001). CONCLUSION: Disease site has significant effect on the expression of biomarkers. Expression of tumor TGF-β could be a valuable addition to the conventional risk stratification equation for improving head and neck cancer disease management strategies.
BACKGROUND: We examined the prognostic value of a panel of biomarkers in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) who were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive (HIV-positive head and neck cancer) and HIV negative (HIV-negative head and neck cancer). METHODS: Tissue microarrays (TMAs) were constructed using tumors from 41 disease site-matched and age-matched HIV-positive head and neck cancer cases and 44 HIV-negative head and neck cancer controls. Expression of tumor biomarkers was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and correlations examined with clinical variables. RESULTS: Expression levels of the studied oncogenic and inflammatory tumor biomarkers were not differentially regulated by HIV status. Among patients with HIV-positive head and neck cancer, laryngeal disease site (P = .003) and Clavien-Dindo classification IV (CD4) counts <200 cells/μL (P = .01) were associated with poor prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed that p16 positivity was associated with improved overall survival (OS; P < .001) whereas increased expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) was associated with poor clinical outcome (P = .001). CONCLUSION: Disease site has significant effect on the expression of biomarkers. Expression of tumor TGF-β could be a valuable addition to the conventional risk stratification equation for improving head and neck cancer disease management strategies.
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