Sebastian Vernal1, Mateus Pepinelli2, Claudio Casanova3, Thais M Goulart4, Olivia Kim1, Natalia A De Paula1, Mara C Pinto5, Anderson Sá-Nunes6, Ana Maria Roselino7. 1. Division of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. 2. Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 3. Superintendence for Endemic Disease Control, Health Secretariat of São Paulo State, Mogi-Guaçu, São Paulo, Brazil. 4. Institute of Biology, Department of Animal Biology, State University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. 5. Department of Parasitology, São Paulo State University Julio de Mesquita Filho, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil. 6. Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 7. Division of Dermatology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: amfrosel@fmrp.usp.br.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Black fly and sandfly bites are related to the endemicity of pemphigus foliaceus (PF); however, an immune reaction against the salivary proteins from these flies still requires confirmation in the case of PF patients living in southeastern Brazil. PURPOSE: To georeference the distribution of Simuliidae (Diptera: Simuliidae) and Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) and of PF cases in the northeastern region of São Paulo State, and to assess the humoral immune response against salivary gland extracts (SGEs) from biting flies in PF patients, relatives, and neighbours. METHODS: PF patients' medical information recorded between 1965 and 2014 were obtained from the database of the University Hospital. Data on the distribution of fly species were collected from scientific reports and epidemiological databases. Spatial maps relating the distribution of biting flies with PF cases were plotted. Serum IgG antibodies against the SGEs from Simulium nigrimanum, Nyssomyia neivai, and Aedes aegypti (as control) were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: Two hundred and eighty-five PF cases were distributed in 60 municipalities with a prevalence of 57.5 per million inhabitants, revealing well-defined geographical clusters. S. nigrimanum and N. neivai specimens were registered in eight (13.3%) and 26 (43.3%) of these municipalities, respectively. PF patients, and their relatives presented higher levels of IgG against the SGEs of S. nigrimanum and N. neivai (P<0.001 for both), but not against the SGE from A. aegypti (P=0.115 and P=0.552, respectively), as compared to controls. IgG against the SGEs from S. nigrimanum and N. neivai but not against the SGE from A. aegypti correlated with levels of anti-Desmoglein 1 in PF patients (r=0.3848, P=0.039; and r=0.416, P=0.022, respectively). CONCLUSION: An epidemiological link between biting flies and PF in southeastern Brazil is proposed, implying a possible role of the salivary proteins from these flies in PF etiopathogenesis.
BACKGROUND: Black fly and sandfly bites are related to the endemicity of pemphigus foliaceus (PF); however, an immune reaction against the salivary proteins from these flies still requires confirmation in the case of PF patients living in southeastern Brazil. PURPOSE: To georeference the distribution of Simuliidae (Diptera: Simuliidae) and Phlebotominae (Diptera: Psychodidae) and of PF cases in the northeastern region of São Paulo State, and to assess the humoral immune response against salivary gland extracts (SGEs) from biting flies in PF patients, relatives, and neighbours. METHODS: PF patients' medical information recorded between 1965 and 2014 were obtained from the database of the University Hospital. Data on the distribution of fly species were collected from scientific reports and epidemiological databases. Spatial maps relating the distribution of biting flies with PF cases were plotted. Serum IgG antibodies against the SGEs from Simulium nigrimanum, Nyssomyia neivai, and Aedes aegypti (as control) were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: Two hundred and eighty-five PF cases were distributed in 60 municipalities with a prevalence of 57.5 per million inhabitants, revealing well-defined geographical clusters. S. nigrimanum and N. neivai specimens were registered in eight (13.3%) and 26 (43.3%) of these municipalities, respectively. PF patients, and their relatives presented higher levels of IgG against the SGEs of S. nigrimanum and N. neivai (P<0.001 for both), but not against the SGE from A. aegypti (P=0.115 and P=0.552, respectively), as compared to controls. IgG against the SGEs from S. nigrimanum and N. neivai but not against the SGE from A. aegypti correlated with levels of anti-Desmoglein 1 in PF patients (r=0.3848, P=0.039; and r=0.416, P=0.022, respectively). CONCLUSION: An epidemiological link between biting flies and PF in southeastern Brazil is proposed, implying a possible role of the salivary proteins from these flies in PF etiopathogenesis.
Authors: Valéria Bumiller-Bini Hoch; Ana Flávia Kohler; Danillo G Augusto; Sara Cristina Lobo-Alves; Danielle Malheiros; Gabriel Adelman Cipolla; Angelica Beate Winter Boldt; Karin Braun-Prado; Michael Wittig; Andre Franke; Claudia Pföhler; Margitta Worm; Nina van Beek; Matthias Goebeler; Miklós Sárdy; Saleh Ibrahim; Hauke Busch; Enno Schmidt; Jennifer Elisabeth Hundt; Patrícia Savio de Araujo-Souza; Maria Luiza Petzl-Erler Journal: Viruses Date: 2022-04-23 Impact factor: 5.818
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