Volker Adams1, Axel Linke2, Ephraim Winzer2. 1. Clinic of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig, Strümpellstrasse 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany. adav@medizin.uni-leipzig.de. 2. Clinic of Cardiology, Heart Center Leipzig, Strümpellstrasse 39, 04289, Leipzig, Germany.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Severe exercise intolerance and early fatigue are hallmarks of heart failure patients either with a reduced (HFrEF) or a still preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction. This review, therefore, will provide a contemporary summary of the alterations currently known to occur in the skeletal muscles of both HFrEF and HFpEF, and provide some further directions that will be required if we want to improve our current understanding of this area. RECENT FINDINGS: Skeletal muscle alterations are well documented for over 20 years in HFrEF, and during the recent years also data are presented that in HFpEF muscular alterations are present. Alterations are ranging from a shift in fiber type and capillarization to an induction of atrophy and modulation of mitochondrial energy supply. In general, the molecular alterations are more severe in the skeletal muscle of HFrEF when compared to HFpEF. The alterations occurring in the skeletal muscle at the molecular level may contribute to exercise intolerance in HFrEF and HFpEF. Nevertheless, the knowledge of changes in the skeletal muscle of HFpEF is still sparsely available and more studies in this HF cohort are clearly warranted.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Severe exercise intolerance and early fatigue are hallmarks of heart failurepatients either with a reduced (HFrEF) or a still preserved (HFpEF) ejection fraction. This review, therefore, will provide a contemporary summary of the alterations currently known to occur in the skeletal muscles of both HFrEF and HFpEF, and provide some further directions that will be required if we want to improve our current understanding of this area. RECENT FINDINGS: Skeletal muscle alterations are well documented for over 20 years in HFrEF, and during the recent years also data are presented that in HFpEF muscular alterations are present. Alterations are ranging from a shift in fiber type and capillarization to an induction of atrophy and modulation of mitochondrial energy supply. In general, the molecular alterations are more severe in the skeletal muscle of HFrEF when compared to HFpEF. The alterations occurring in the skeletal muscle at the molecular level may contribute to exercise intolerance in HFrEF and HFpEF. Nevertheless, the knowledge of changes in the skeletal muscle of HFpEF is still sparsely available and more studies in this HF cohort are clearly warranted.
Entities:
Keywords:
Heart failure; Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; Skeletal muscle
Authors: S D Anker; A L Clark; M Kemp; C Salsbury; M M Teixeira; P G Hellewell; A J Coats Journal: J Am Coll Cardiol Date: 1997-10 Impact factor: 24.094
Authors: R Hambrecht; V Adams; S Gielen; A Linke; S Möbius-Winkler; J Yu; J Niebauer; H Jiang; E Fiehn; G Schuler Journal: J Am Coll Cardiol Date: 1999-01 Impact factor: 24.094
Authors: J Niebauer; H D Volk; M Kemp; M Dominguez; R R Schumann; M Rauchhaus; P A Poole-Wilson; A J Coats; S D Anker Journal: Lancet Date: 1999-05-29 Impact factor: 79.321
Authors: Dalane W Kitzman; W Gregory Hundley; Peter H Brubaker; Timothy M Morgan; J Brian Moore; Kathryn P Stewart; William C Little Journal: Circ Heart Fail Date: 2010-06-01 Impact factor: 8.790
Authors: Ahmed M Wafi; Juan Hong; Tara L Rudebush; Li Yu; Bryan Hackfort; Hanjun Wang; Harold D Schultz; Irving H Zucker; Lie Gao Journal: J Appl Physiol (1985) Date: 2018-11-21
Authors: Rachel C Kelley; Lauren Betancourt; Andrea M Noriega; Suzanne C Brinson; Nuria Curbelo-Bermudez; Dongwoo Hahn; Ravi A Kumar; Eliza Balazic; Derek R Muscato; Terence E Ryan; Robbert J van der Pijl; Shengyi Shen; Coen A C Ottenheijm; Leonardo F Ferreira Journal: J Appl Physiol (1985) Date: 2021-11-18
Authors: R I Dmitrieva; T A Lelyavina; M Y Komarova; V L Galenko; O A Ivanova; P A Tikanova; N V Khromova; A S Golovkin; M A Bortsova; A Sergushichev; M Yu Sitnikova; A A Kostareva Journal: Stem Cells Int Date: 2019-01-03 Impact factor: 5.443