Ulcerative colitis in Singapore: a clinical study of sixty-one patients.

Sixty-one consecutive cases of ulcerative colitis from the Department of Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, over a 16-year period (1971 to 1986) were reviewed. Mean duration of follow-up was 35.9 months (range 2 months to 16 years). Fifty-one (83.6%) cases were diagnosed in the last 8 years. Sex ratio was almost equal (males 30, females 31) and mean age was 38.2 years. All racial groups were affected but a predilection among Indians (21.3%) was observed. At presentation, the disease was mild in 36 (59.0%), moderate in 14 (22.9%) and severe in 11 (18.1%) patients. Fifty-two (85.2%) patients had symptoms of at least one month's duration before presentation. The 3 commonest symptoms were haematochezia (95.1%), diarrhoea (95.1%) and mucoid stools (83.6%). Extraintestinal manifestations of disease such as backache (8.2%), peripheral arthritis (6.5%), iritis (6.5%) and liver disease (1.6%) were uncommon. Severe intestinal complications include toxic megacolon (1.6%), colonic perforation (1.6%) and massive gastrointestinal haemorrhage (1.6%). Haematological and biochemical indices at presentation generally reflected the activity and severity of disease. The disease was limited to the rectum and sigmoid colon in 12 (19.7%) patients, extended up to the splenic flexure in 16 (26.2%), up to the hepatic flexure in another 16 (26.2%) and involved the whole colon in 17 (27.9%). Pseudopolyposis was present in 13 (21.3%) patients. Of 49 patients: (a) 18 (36.7%) had remission and were relapse free subsequently (b) 14 (28.6%) had infrequent relapses (less than 3 x/year) (c) 3 (6.1%) had frequent relapses (greater than 3 x/year) (d) 10 (20.4%) had chronically active disease (e) 4 (8.2%) had a short fulminant course terminating in death.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)