Matti Marklund1, Ronnie Pingel1, Fredrik Rosqvist1, Anna Karin Lindroos2,3, Jan W Eriksson4, Bengt Vessby1, Jan Oscarsson5, Lars Lind6, Ulf Risérus7. 1. Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Unit. 2. National Food Agency, Uppsala, Sweden. 3. Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; and. 4. Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Diabetes, and Metabolism, and. 5. AstraZeneca R&D, Gothenburg, Sweden. 6. Department of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. 7. Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Unit, ulf.riserus@pubcare.uu.se.
Abstract
Background: Fatty acid (FA) proportions in cholesterol esters (CEs) and plasma phospholipids are widely used as dietary biomarkers. Information on how proportions in these fractions correlate could have implications for interpretation and use of FA biomarkers in observational and interventional studies.Objective: We investigated correlations between FA proportions in CEs and phospholipids in free-living individuals and assessed how diet-induced alterations of FA proportions correlate between fractions. Methods: Spearman's rank correlation coefficients (rs) between FA proportions (percentage of total FAs) in circulating CEs and phospholipids were calculated separately in 8 individual study populations including Swedish females and males (N = 2052; age range: 11-84 y), and pooled by inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis. In addition, study populations were stratified by age, sex, body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2), and diabetes status, and strata-specific rs were pooled by meta-analysis. In 2 randomized trials (N = 79) in which dietary saturated FAs were isocalorically replaced with unsaturated FAs, treatment-wise calculations of rs were conducted between FA changes in CEs and phospholipids. Results: Overall, FA proportions in CEs and phospholipids correlated well and especially strongly for polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), with pooled rs (95% CIs) ranging from 0.74 (0.72, 0.76) for α-linolenic acid to 0.92 (0.91, 0.93) for eicosapentaenoic acid. Weak correlations (pooled rs < 0.4) were observed only for palmitic acid and stearic acid, with pooled rs (95% CIs): 0.29 (0.24, 0.33) and 0.30 (0.25, 0.34), respectively. Overall, correlations were not affected by age, sex, BMI, or diabetes status. Strong correlations (rs ≥ 0.6) between diet-induced FA changes in CEs and phospholipids were observed for most PUFAs.Conclusions: Proportions of most FAs in CEs and phospholipids ranked individuals similarly, suggesting that FA proportions in these fractions can be used interchangeably in populations of diverse age, sex, body composition, and diabetes status. Caution is advised, however, when comparing results from studies assessing palmitic acid or stearic acid in different lipid fractions.
Background: Fatty acid (FA) proportions in cholesterol esters (CEs) and plasma phospholipids are widely used as dietary biomarkers. Information on how proportions in these fractions correlate could have implications for interpretation and use of FA biomarkers in observational and interventional studies.Objective: We investigated correlations between FA proportions in CEs and phospholipids in free-living individuals and assessed how diet-induced alterations of FA proportions correlate between fractions. Methods: Spearman's rank correlation coefficients (rs) between FA proportions (percentage of total FAs) in circulating CEs and phospholipids were calculated separately in 8 individual study populations including Swedish females and males (N = 2052; age range: 11-84 y), and pooled by inverse-variance weighted meta-analysis. In addition, study populations were stratified by age, sex, body mass index (BMI; in kg/m2), and diabetes status, and strata-specific rs were pooled by meta-analysis. In 2 randomized trials (N = 79) in which dietary saturated FAs were isocalorically replaced with unsaturated FAs, treatment-wise calculations of rs were conducted between FA changes in CEs and phospholipids. Results: Overall, FA proportions in CEs and phospholipids correlated well and especially strongly for polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs), with pooled rs (95% CIs) ranging from 0.74 (0.72, 0.76) for α-linolenic acid to 0.92 (0.91, 0.93) for eicosapentaenoic acid. Weak correlations (pooled rs < 0.4) were observed only for palmitic acid and stearic acid, with pooled rs (95% CIs): 0.29 (0.24, 0.33) and 0.30 (0.25, 0.34), respectively. Overall, correlations were not affected by age, sex, BMI, or diabetes status. Strong correlations (rs ≥ 0.6) between diet-induced FA changes in CEs and phospholipids were observed for most PUFAs.Conclusions: Proportions of most FAs in CEs and phospholipids ranked individuals similarly, suggesting that FA proportions in these fractions can be used interchangeably in populations of diverse age, sex, body composition, and diabetes status. Caution is advised, however, when comparing results from studies assessing palmitic acid or stearic acid in different lipid fractions.
Authors: Matti Marklund; Jason H Y Wu; Fumiaki Imamura; Liana C Del Gobbo; Amanda Fretts; Janette de Goede; Peilin Shi; Nathan Tintle; Maria Wennberg; Stella Aslibekyan; Tzu-An Chen; Marcia C de Oliveira Otto; Yoichiro Hirakawa; Helle Højmark Eriksen; Janine Kröger; Federica Laguzzi; Maria Lankinen; Rachel A Murphy; Kiesha Prem; Cécilia Samieri; Jyrki Virtanen; Alexis C Wood; Kerry Wong; Wei-Sin Yang; Xia Zhou; Ana Baylin; Jolanda M A Boer; Ingeborg A Brouwer; Hannia Campos; Paulo H M Chaves; Kuo-Liong Chien; Ulf de Faire; Luc Djoussé; Gudny Eiriksdottir; Naglaa El-Abbadi; Nita G Forouhi; J Michael Gaziano; Johanna M Geleijnse; Bruna Gigante; Graham Giles; Eliseo Guallar; Vilmundur Gudnason; Tamara Harris; William S Harris; Catherine Helmer; Mai-Lis Hellenius; Allison Hodge; Frank B Hu; Paul F Jacques; Jan-Håkan Jansson; Anya Kalsbeek; Kay-Tee Khaw; Woon-Puay Koh; Markku Laakso; Karin Leander; Hung-Ju Lin; Lars Lind; Robert Luben; Juhua Luo; Barbara McKnight; Jaakko Mursu; Toshiharu Ninomiya; Kim Overvad; Bruce M Psaty; Eric Rimm; Matthias B Schulze; David Siscovick; Michael Skjelbo Nielsen; Albert V Smith; Brian T Steffen; Lyn Steffen; Qi Sun; Johan Sundström; Michael Y Tsai; Hugh Tunstall-Pedoe; Matti I J Uusitupa; Rob M van Dam; Jenna Veenstra; W M Monique Verschuren; Nick Wareham; Walter Willett; Mark Woodward; Jian-Min Yuan; Renata Micha; Rozenn N Lemaitre; Dariush Mozaffarian; Ulf Risérus Journal: Circulation Date: 2019-05-21 Impact factor: 29.690
Authors: Tania Guadalupe Gómez-Peralta; Thelma Beatriz González-Castro; Ana Fresan; Carlos Alfonso Tovilla-Zárate; Isela Esther Juárez-Rojop; Mario Villar-Soto; Yazmín Hernández-Díaz; María Lilia López-Narváez; Jorge L Ble-Castillo; Nonanzit Pérez-Hernández; José Manuel Rodríguez-Pérez Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2018-06-07 Impact factor: 3.390