Sean M Couch1. 1. Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA couchsea@msu.edu.
Abstract
Core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) are the explosions that attend the deaths of massive stars. Despite decades of research, several aspects of the mechanism that drives these explosions remain uncertain and the subjects of continued investigation. In this short review, I will give an overview of the CCSN mechanism and current research in the field. In particular, I will focus on recent results from three-dimensional simulations and the impact of turbulence and detailed non-spherical progenitor structure on CCSNe. This contribution is based on a talk given at the 'Bridging the Gap' workshop at Chicheley Hall on 2 June 2016.This article is part of the themed issue 'Bridging the gap: from massive stars to supernovae'.
Core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) are the explosions that attend the deaths of massive stars. Despite decades of research, several aspects of the mechanism that drives these explosions remain uncertain and the subjects of continued investigation. In this short review, I will give an overview of the CCSN mechanism and current research in the field. In particular, I will focus on recent results from three-dimensional simulations and the impact of turbulence and detailed non-spherical progenitor structure on CCSNe. This contribution is based on a talk given at the 'Bridging the Gap' workshop at Chicheley Hall on 2 June 2016.This article is part of the themed issue 'Bridging the gap: from massive stars to supernovae'.
Authors: B P Abbott; R Abbott; T D Abbott; F Acernese; K Ackley; C Adams; T Adams; P Addesso; R X Adhikari; V B Adya; C Affeldt; M Afrough; B Agarwal; M Agathos; K Agatsuma; N Aggarwal; O D Aguiar; L Aiello; A Ain; P Ajith; B Allen; G Allen; A Allocca; P A Altin; A Amato; A Ananyeva; S B Anderson; W G Anderson; S Antier; S Appert; K Arai; M C Araya; J S Areeda; N Arnaud; K G Arun; S Ascenzi; G Ashton; M Ast; S M Aston; P Astone; P Aufmuth; C Aulbert; K AultONeal; A Avila-Alvarez; S Babak; P Bacon; M K M Bader; S Bae; P T Baker; F Baldaccini; G Ballardin; S W Ballmer; S Banagiri; J C Barayoga; S E Barclay; B C Barish; D Barker; F Barone; B Barr; L Barsotti; M Barsuglia; D Barta; J Bartlett; I Bartos; R Bassiri; A Basti; J C Batch; C Baune; M Bawaj; M Bazzan; B Bécsy; C Beer; M Bejger; I Belahcene; A S Bell; B K Berger; G Bergmann; C P L Berry; D Bersanetti; A Bertolini; J Betzwieser; S Bhagwat; R Bhandare; I A Bilenko; G Billingsley; C R Billman; J Birch; R Birney; O Birnholtz; S Biscans; A Bisht; M Bitossi; C Biwer; M A Bizouard; J K Blackburn; J Blackman; C D Blair; D G Blair; R M Blair; S Bloemen; O Bock; N Bode; M Boer; G Bogaert; A Bohe; F Bondu; R Bonnand; B A Boom; R Bork; V Boschi; S Bose; Y Bouffanais; A Bozzi; C Bradaschia; P R Brady; V B Braginsky; M Branchesi; J E Brau; T Briant; A Brillet; M Brinkmann; V Brisson; P Brockill; J E Broida; A F Brooks; D A Brown; D D Brown; N M Brown; S Brunett; C C Buchanan; A Buikema; T Bulik; H J Bulten; A Buonanno; D Buskulic; C Buy; R L Byer; M Cabero; L Cadonati; G Cagnoli; C Cahillane; J Calderón Bustillo; T A Callister; E Calloni; J B Camp; M Canepa; P Canizares; K C Cannon; H Cao; J Cao; C D Capano; E Capocasa; F Carbognani; S Caride; M F Carney; J Casanueva Diaz; C Casentini; S Caudill; M Cavaglià; F Cavalier; R Cavalieri; G Cella; C B Cepeda; L Cerboni Baiardi; G Cerretani; E Cesarini; S J Chamberlin; M Chan; S Chao; P Charlton; E Chassande-Mottin; D Chatterjee; K Chatziioannou; B D Cheeseboro; H Y Chen; Y Chen; H-P Cheng; A Chincarini; A Chiummo; T Chmiel; H S Cho; M Cho; J H Chow; N Christensen; Q Chu; A J K Chua; S Chua; A K W Chung; S Chung; G Ciani; R Ciolfi; C E Cirelli; A Cirone; F Clara; J A Clark; F Cleva; C Cocchieri; E Coccia; P-F Cohadon; A Colla; C G Collette; L R Cominsky; M Constancio; L Conti; S J Cooper; P Corban; T R Corbitt; K R Corley; N Cornish; A Corsi; S Cortese; C A Costa; M W Coughlin; S B Coughlin; J-P Coulon; S T Countryman; P Couvares; P B Covas; E E Cowan; D M Coward; M J Cowart; D C Coyne; R Coyne; J D E Creighton; T D Creighton; J Cripe; S G Crowder; T J Cullen; A Cumming; L Cunningham; E Cuoco; T Dal Canton; S L Danilishin; S D'Antonio; K Danzmann; A Dasgupta; C F Da Silva Costa; V Dattilo; I Dave; M Davier; D Davis; E J Daw; B Day; S De; D DeBra; E Deelman; J Degallaix; M De Laurentis; S Deléglise; W Del Pozzo; T Denker; T Dent; V Dergachev; R De Rosa; R T DeRosa; R DeSalvo; J Devenson; R C Devine; S Dhurandhar; M C Díaz; L Di Fiore; M Di Giovanni; T Di Girolamo; A Di Lieto; S Di Pace; I Di Palma; F Di Renzo; Z Doctor; V Dolique; F Donovan; K L Dooley; S Doravari; I Dorrington; R Douglas; M Dovale Álvarez; T P Downes; M Drago; R W P Drever; J C Driggers; Z Du; M Ducrot; J Duncan; S E Dwyer; T B Edo; M C Edwards; A Effler; H-B Eggenstein; P Ehrens; J Eichholz; S S Eikenberry; R A Eisenstein; R C Essick; Z B Etienne; T Etzel; M Evans; T M Evans; M Factourovich; V Fafone; H Fair; S Fairhurst; X Fan; S Farinon; B Farr; W M Farr; E J Fauchon-Jones; M Favata; M Fays; H Fehrmann; J Feicht; M M Fejer; A Fernandez-Galiana; I Ferrante; E C Ferreira; F Ferrini; F Fidecaro; I Fiori; D Fiorucci; R P Fisher; R Flaminio; M Fletcher; H Fong; P W F Forsyth; S S Forsyth; J-D Fournier; S Frasca; F Frasconi; Z Frei; A Freise; R Frey; V Frey; E M Fries; P Fritschel; V V Frolov; P Fulda; M Fyffe; H Gabbard; M Gabel; B U Gadre; S M Gaebel; J R Gair; L Gammaitoni; M R Ganija; S G Gaonkar; F Garufi; S Gaudio; G Gaur; V Gayathri; N Gehrels; G Gemme; E Genin; A Gennai; D George; J George; L Gergely; V Germain; S Ghonge; Abhirup Ghosh; Archisman Ghosh; S Ghosh; J A Giaime; K D Giardina; A Giazotto; K Gill; L Glover; E Goetz; R Goetz; S Gomes; G González; J M Gonzalez Castro; A Gopakumar; M L Gorodetsky; S E Gossan; M Gosselin; R Gouaty; A Grado; C Graef; M Granata; A Grant; S Gras; C Gray; G Greco; A C Green; P Groot; H Grote; S Grunewald; P Gruning; G M Guidi; X Guo; A Gupta; M K Gupta; K E Gushwa; E K Gustafson; R Gustafson; B R Hall; E D Hall; G Hammond; M Haney; M M Hanke; J Hanks; C Hanna; M D Hannam; O A Hannuksela; J Hanson; T Hardwick; J Harms; G M Harry; I W Harry; M J Hart; C-J Haster; K Haughian; J Healy; A Heidmann; M C Heintze; H Heitmann; P Hello; G Hemming; M Hendry; I S Heng; J Hennig; J Henry; A W Heptonstall; M Heurs; S Hild; D Hoak; D Hofman; K Holt; D E Holz; P Hopkins; C Horst; J Hough; E A Houston; E J Howell; Y M Hu; E A Huerta; D Huet; B Hughey; S Husa; S H Huttner; T Huynh-Dinh; N Indik; D R Ingram; R Inta; G Intini; H N Isa; J-M Isac; M Isi; B R Iyer; K Izumi; T Jacqmin; K Jani; P Jaranowski; S Jawahar; F Jiménez-Forteza; W W Johnson; N K Johnson-McDaniel; D I Jones; R Jones; R J G Jonker; L Ju; J Junker; C V Kalaghatgi; V Kalogera; S Kandhasamy; G Kang; J B Kanner; S Karki; K S Karvinen; M Kasprzack; M Katolik; E Katsavounidis; W Katzman; S Kaufer; K Kawabe; F Kéfélian; D Keitel; A J Kemball; R Kennedy; C Kent; J S Key; F Y Khalili; I Khan; S Khan; Z Khan; E A Khazanov; N Kijbunchoo; Chunglee Kim; J C Kim; W Kim; W S Kim; Y-M Kim; S J Kimbrell; E J King; P J King; R Kirchhoff; J S Kissel; L Kleybolte; S Klimenko; P Koch; S M Koehlenbeck; S Koley; V Kondrashov; A Kontos; M Korobko; W Z Korth; I Kowalska; D B Kozak; C Krämer; V Kringel; B Krishnan; A Królak; G Kuehn; P Kumar; R Kumar; S Kumar; L Kuo; A Kutynia; S Kwang; B D Lackey; K H Lai; M Landry; R N Lang; J Lange; B Lantz; R K Lanza; A Lartaux-Vollard; P D Lasky; M Laxen; A Lazzarini; C Lazzaro; P Leaci; S Leavey; C H Lee; H K Lee; H M Lee; H W Lee; K Lee; J Lehmann; A Lenon; M Leonardi; N Leroy; N Letendre; Y Levin; T G F Li; A Libson; T B Littenberg; J Liu; R K L Lo; N A Lockerbie; L T London; J E Lord; M Lorenzini; V Loriette; M Lormand; G Losurdo; J D Lough; G Lovelace; H Lück; D Lumaca; A P Lundgren; R Lynch; Y Ma; S Macfoy; B Machenschalk; M MacInnis; D M Macleod; I Magaña Hernandez; F Magaña-Sandoval; L Magaña Zertuche; R M Magee; E Majorana; I Maksimovic; N Man; V Mandic; V Mangano; G L Mansell; M Manske; M Mantovani; F Marchesoni; F Marion; S Márka; Z Márka; C Markakis; A S Markosyan; E Maros; F Martelli; L Martellini; I W Martin; D V Martynov; J N Marx; K Mason; A Masserot; T J Massinger; M Masso-Reid; S Mastrogiovanni; A Matas; F Matichard; L Matone; N Mavalvala; R Mayani; N Mazumder; R McCarthy; D E McClelland; S McCormick; L McCuller; S C McGuire; G McIntyre; J McIver; D J McManus; T McRae; S T McWilliams; D Meacher; G D Meadors; J Meidam; E Mejuto-Villa; A Melatos; G Mendell; R A Mercer; E L Merilh; M Merzougui; S Meshkov; C Messenger; C Messick; R Metzdorff; P M Meyers; F Mezzani; H Miao; C Michel; H Middleton; E E Mikhailov; L Milano; A L Miller; A Miller; B B Miller; J Miller; M Millhouse; O Minazzoli; Y Minenkov; J Ming; C Mishra; S Mitra; V P Mitrofanov; G Mitselmakher; R Mittleman; A Moggi; M Mohan; S R P Mohapatra; M Montani; B C Moore; C J Moore; D Moraru; G Moreno; S R Morriss; B Mours; C M Mow-Lowry; G Mueller; A W Muir; Arunava Mukherjee; D Mukherjee; S Mukherjee; N Mukund; A Mullavey; J Munch; E A M Muniz; P G Murray; K Napier; I Nardecchia; L Naticchioni; R K Nayak; G Nelemans; T J N Nelson; M Neri; M Nery; A Neunzert; J M Newport; G Newton; K K Y Ng; T T Nguyen; D Nichols; A B Nielsen; S Nissanke; A Nitz; A Noack; F Nocera; D Nolting; M E N Normandin; L K Nuttall; J Oberling; E Ochsner; E Oelker; G H Ogin; J J Oh; S H Oh; F Ohme; M Oliver; P Oppermann; Richard J Oram; B O'Reilly; R Ormiston; L F Ortega; R O'Shaughnessy; D J Ottaway; H Overmier; B J Owen; A E Pace; J Page; M A Page; A Pai; S A Pai; J R Palamos; O Palashov; C Palomba; A Pal-Singh; H Pan; B Pang; P T H Pang; C Pankow; F Pannarale; B C Pant; F Paoletti; A Paoli; M A Papa; H R Paris; W Parker; D Pascucci; A Pasqualetti; R Passaquieti; D Passuello; B Patricelli; B L Pearlstone; M Pedraza; R Pedurand; L Pekowsky; A Pele; S Penn; C J Perez; A Perreca; L M Perri; H P Pfeiffer; M Phelps; O J Piccinni; M Pichot; F Piergiovanni; V Pierro; G Pillant; L Pinard; I M Pinto; M Pitkin; R Poggiani; P Popolizio; E K Porter; A Post; J Powell; J Prasad; J W W Pratt; V Predoi; T Prestegard; M Prijatelj; M Principe; S Privitera; G A Prodi; L G Prokhorov; O Puncken; M Punturo; P Puppo; M Pürrer; H Qi; J Qin; S Qiu; V Quetschke; E A Quintero; R Quitzow-James; F J Raab; D S Rabeling; H Radkins; P Raffai; S Raja; C Rajan; M Rakhmanov; K E Ramirez; P Rapagnani; V Raymond; M Razzano; J Read; T Regimbau; L Rei; S Reid; D H Reitze; H Rew; S D Reyes; F Ricci; P M Ricker; S Rieger; K Riles; M Rizzo; N A Robertson; R Robie; F Robinet; A Rocchi; L Rolland; J G Rollins; V J Roma; J D Romano; R Romano; C L Romel; J H Romie; D Rosińska; M P Ross; S Rowan; A Rüdiger; P Ruggi; K Ryan; M Rynge; S Sachdev; T Sadecki; L Sadeghian; M Sakellariadou; L Salconi; M Saleem; F Salemi; A Samajdar; L Sammut; L M Sampson; E J Sanchez; V Sandberg; B Sandeen; J R Sanders; B Sassolas; B S Sathyaprakash; P R Saulson; O Sauter; R L Savage; A Sawadsky; P Schale; J Scheuer; E Schmidt; J Schmidt; P Schmidt; R Schnabel; R M S Schofield; A Schönbeck; E Schreiber; D Schuette; B W Schulte; B F Schutz; S G Schwalbe; J Scott; S M Scott; E Seidel; D Sellers; A S Sengupta; D Sentenac; V Sequino; A Sergeev; D A Shaddock; T J Shaffer; A A Shah; M S Shahriar; L Shao; B Shapiro; P Shawhan; A Sheperd; D H Shoemaker; D M Shoemaker; K Siellez; X Siemens; M Sieniawska; D Sigg; A D Silva; A Singer; L P Singer; A Singh; R Singh; A Singhal; A M Sintes; B J J Slagmolen; B Smith; J R Smith; R J E Smith; E J Son; J A Sonnenberg; B Sorazu; F Sorrentino; T Souradeep; A P Spencer; A K Srivastava; A Staley; M Steinke; J Steinlechner; S Steinlechner; D Steinmeyer; B C Stephens; S P Stevenson; R Stone; K A Strain; G Stratta; S E Strigin; R Sturani; A L Stuver; T Z Summerscales; L Sun; S Sunil; P J Sutton; B L Swinkels; M J Szczepańczyk; M Tacca; D Talukder; D B Tanner; M Tápai; A Taracchini; J A Taylor; R Taylor; T Theeg; E G Thomas; M Thomas; P Thomas; K A Thorne; K S Thorne; E Thrane; S Tiwari; V Tiwari; K V Tokmakov; K Toland; M Tonelli; Z Tornasi; C I Torrie; D Töyrä; F Travasso; G Traylor; D Trifirò; J Trinastic; M C Tringali; L Trozzo; K W Tsang; M Tse; R Tso; D Tuyenbayev; K Ueno; D Ugolini; C S Unnikrishnan; A L Urban; S A Usman; K Vahi; H Vahlbruch; G Vajente; G Valdes; M Vallisneri; N van Bakel; M van Beuzekom; J F J van den Brand; C Van Den Broeck; D C Vander-Hyde; L van der Schaaf; J V van Heijningen; A A van Veggel; M Vardaro; V Varma; S Vass; M Vasúth; A Vecchio; G Vedovato; J Veitch; P J Veitch; K Venkateswara; G Venugopalan; D Verkindt; F Vetrano; A Viceré; A D Viets; S Vinciguerra; D J Vine; J-Y Vinet; S Vitale; T Vo; H Vocca; C Vorvick; D V Voss; W D Vousden; S P Vyatchanin; A R Wade; L E Wade; M Wade; R M Wald; R Walet; M Walker; L Wallace; S Walsh; G Wang; H Wang; J Z Wang; M Wang; Y-F Wang; Y Wang; R L Ward; J Warner; M Was; J Watchi; B Weaver; L-W Wei; M Weinert; A J Weinstein; R Weiss; L Wen; E K Wessel; P Weßels; T Westphal; K Wette; J T Whelan; B F Whiting; C Whittle; D Williams; R D Williams; A R Williamson; J L Willis; B Willke; M H Wimmer; W Winkler; C C Wipf; H Wittel; G Woan; J Woehler; J Wofford; K W K Wong; J Worden; J L Wright; D S Wu; G Wu; W Yam; H Yamamoto; C C Yancey; M J Yap; Hang Yu; Haocun Yu; M Yvert; A Zadrożny; M Zanolin; T Zelenova; J-P Zendri; M Zevin; L Zhang; M Zhang; T Zhang; Y-H Zhang; C Zhao; M Zhou; Z Zhou; X J Zhu; A Zimmerman; M E Zucker; J Zweizig Journal: Phys Rev Lett Date: 2017-06-01 Impact factor: 9.161
Authors: B P Abbott; R Abbott; T D Abbott; M R Abernathy; F Acernese; K Ackley; C Adams; T Adams; P Addesso; R X Adhikari; V B Adya; C Affeldt; M Agathos; K Agatsuma; N Aggarwal; O D Aguiar; L Aiello; A Ain; P Ajith; B Allen; A Allocca; P A Altin; S B Anderson; W G Anderson; K Arai; M A Arain; M C Araya; C C Arceneaux; J S Areeda; N Arnaud; K G Arun; S Ascenzi; G Ashton; M Ast; S M Aston; P Astone; P Aufmuth; C Aulbert; S Babak; P Bacon; M K M Bader; P T Baker; F Baldaccini; G Ballardin; S W Ballmer; J C Barayoga; S E Barclay; B C Barish; D Barker; F Barone; B Barr; L Barsotti; M Barsuglia; D Barta; J Bartlett; M A Barton; I Bartos; R Bassiri; A Basti; J C Batch; C Baune; V Bavigadda; M Bazzan; B Behnke; M Bejger; C Belczynski; A S Bell; C J Bell; B K Berger; J Bergman; G Bergmann; C P L Berry; D Bersanetti; A Bertolini; J Betzwieser; S Bhagwat; R Bhandare; I A Bilenko; G Billingsley; J Birch; R Birney; O Birnholtz; S Biscans; A Bisht; M Bitossi; C Biwer; M A Bizouard; J K Blackburn; C D Blair; D G Blair; R M Blair; S Bloemen; O Bock; T P Bodiya; M Boer; G Bogaert; C Bogan; A Bohe; P Bojtos; C Bond; F Bondu; R Bonnand; B A Boom; R Bork; V Boschi; S Bose; Y Bouffanais; A Bozzi; C Bradaschia; P R Brady; V B Braginsky; M Branchesi; J E Brau; T Briant; A Brillet; M Brinkmann; V Brisson; P Brockill; A F Brooks; D A Brown; D D Brown; N M Brown; C C Buchanan; A Buikema; T Bulik; H J Bulten; A Buonanno; D Buskulic; C Buy; R L Byer; M Cabero; L Cadonati; G Cagnoli; C Cahillane; J Calderón Bustillo; T Callister; E Calloni; J B Camp; K C Cannon; J Cao; C D Capano; E Capocasa; F Carbognani; S Caride; J Casanueva Diaz; C Casentini; S Caudill; M Cavaglià; F Cavalier; R Cavalieri; G Cella; C B Cepeda; L Cerboni Baiardi; G Cerretani; E Cesarini; R Chakraborty; T Chalermsongsak; S J Chamberlin; M Chan; S Chao; P Charlton; E Chassande-Mottin; H Y Chen; Y Chen; C Cheng; A Chincarini; A Chiummo; H S Cho; M Cho; J H Chow; N Christensen; Q Chu; S Chua; S Chung; G Ciani; F Clara; J A Clark; F Cleva; E Coccia; P-F Cohadon; A Colla; C G Collette; L Cominsky; M Constancio; A Conte; L Conti; D Cook; T R Corbitt; N Cornish; A Corsi; S Cortese; C A Costa; M W Coughlin; S B Coughlin; J-P Coulon; S T Countryman; P Couvares; E E Cowan; D M Coward; M J Cowart; D C Coyne; R Coyne; K Craig; J D E Creighton; T D Creighton; J Cripe; S G Crowder; A M Cruise; A Cumming; L Cunningham; E Cuoco; T Dal Canton; S L Danilishin; S D'Antonio; K Danzmann; N S Darman; C F Da Silva Costa; V Dattilo; I Dave; H P Daveloza; M Davier; G S Davies; E J Daw; R Day; S De; D DeBra; G Debreczeni; J Degallaix; M De Laurentis; S Deléglise; W Del Pozzo; T Denker; T Dent; H Dereli; V Dergachev; R T DeRosa; R De Rosa; R DeSalvo; S Dhurandhar; M C Díaz; L Di Fiore; M Di Giovanni; A Di Lieto; S Di Pace; I Di Palma; A Di Virgilio; G Dojcinoski; V Dolique; F Donovan; K L Dooley; S Doravari; R Douglas; T P Downes; M Drago; R W P Drever; J C Driggers; Z Du; M Ducrot; S E Dwyer; T B Edo; M C Edwards; A Effler; H-B Eggenstein; P Ehrens; J Eichholz; S S Eikenberry; W Engels; R C Essick; T Etzel; M Evans; T M Evans; R Everett; M Factourovich; V Fafone; H Fair; S Fairhurst; X Fan; Q Fang; S Farinon; B Farr; W M Farr; M Favata; M Fays; H Fehrmann; M M Fejer; D Feldbaum; I Ferrante; E C Ferreira; F Ferrini; F Fidecaro; L S Finn; I Fiori; D Fiorucci; R P Fisher; R Flaminio; M Fletcher; H Fong; J-D Fournier; S Franco; S Frasca; F Frasconi; M Frede; Z Frei; A Freise; R Frey; V Frey; T T Fricke; P Fritschel; V V Frolov; P Fulda; M Fyffe; H A G Gabbard; J R Gair; L Gammaitoni; S G Gaonkar; F Garufi; A Gatto; G Gaur; N Gehrels; G Gemme; B Gendre; E Genin; A Gennai; J George; L Gergely; V Germain; Abhirup Ghosh; Archisman Ghosh; S Ghosh; J A Giaime; K D Giardina; A Giazotto; K Gill; A Glaefke; J R Gleason; E Goetz; R Goetz; L Gondan; G González; J M Gonzalez Castro; A Gopakumar; N A Gordon; M L Gorodetsky; S E Gossan; M Gosselin; R Gouaty; C Graef; P B Graff; M Granata; A Grant; S Gras; C Gray; G Greco; A C Green; R J S Greenhalgh; 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E Katsavounidis; W Katzman; S Kaufer; T Kaur; K Kawabe; F Kawazoe; F Kéfélian; M S Kehl; D Keitel; D B Kelley; W Kells; R Kennedy; D G Keppel; J S Key; A Khalaidovski; F Y Khalili; I Khan; S Khan; Z Khan; E A Khazanov; N Kijbunchoo; C Kim; J Kim; K Kim; Nam-Gyu Kim; Namjun Kim; Y-M Kim; E J King; P J King; D L Kinzel; J S Kissel; L Kleybolte; S Klimenko; S M Koehlenbeck; K Kokeyama; S Koley; V Kondrashov; A Kontos; S Koranda; M Korobko; W Z Korth; I Kowalska; D B Kozak; V Kringel; B Krishnan; A Królak; C Krueger; G Kuehn; P Kumar; R Kumar; L Kuo; A Kutynia; P Kwee; B D Lackey; M Landry; J Lange; B Lantz; P D Lasky; A Lazzarini; C Lazzaro; P Leaci; S Leavey; E O Lebigot; C H Lee; H K Lee; H M Lee; K Lee; A Lenon; M Leonardi; J R Leong; N Leroy; N Letendre; Y Levin; B M Levine; T G F Li; A Libson; T B Littenberg; N A Lockerbie; J Logue; A L Lombardi; L T London; J E Lord; M Lorenzini; V Loriette; M Lormand; G Losurdo; J D Lough; C O Lousto; G Lovelace; H Lück; A P Lundgren; J Luo; R Lynch; 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Authors: Justyn R Maund; Paul A Crowther; Hans-Thomas Janka; Norbert Langer Journal: Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci Date: 2017-10-28 Impact factor: 4.226