Needs and opportunities in bio-design automation: four areas for focus.

Bio-design automation (BDA) is an emerging field focused on computer-aided design, engineering principles, and automated manufacturing of biological systems. Here we discuss some outstanding challenges for bio-design that can be addressed by developing new tools for combinatorial engineering, equipment interfacing, next-generation sequencing, and workflow integration. These four areas, while not an exhaustive list of those that need to be addressed, could yield advances in bio-design, laboratory automation, and biometrology.