Surgeon's Guide to Facial Soft Tissue Filler Injections: Relevant Anatomy and Safety Considerations.

The purpose of this study is to provide a review of the relevant facial anatomy related to soft tissue filler injections. Facial fillers are used daily in our clinical practice. Although their use is safe and predictable, adverse events do occur. Some of these dire events include vascular complications leading to blindness, ischemia, and even stroke. Proper knowledge and understanding of the anatomic landmarks can minimize the risk of these vascular events. In addition, early recognition and treatment are necessary to prevent permanent complications.