Charles A Czeisler1, Emerson M Wickwire2, Laura K Barger3, William C Dement4, Karen Gamble5, Natalie Hartenbaum6, Maurice M Ohayon7, Rafael Pelayo8, Barbara Phillips9, Kingman Strohl10, Brian Tefft11, Shantha M W Rajaratnam12, Raman Malhotra13, Kaitlyn Whiton14, Max Hirshkowitz15. 1. Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, and Sleep Health Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: charles_czeisler@hms.harvard.edu. 2. Sleep Disorders Center, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. 3. Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, and Sleep Health Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. 4. Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA. 5. Division of Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA. 6. OccuMedix, Inc, Dresher, PA, USA. 7. Division of Public Mental Health and Population Sciences, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. 8. Stanford Sleep Medicine Clinic, Stanford University School of Medicine, Redwood City, CA, USA. 9. Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. 10. Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA. 11. AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety, Washington, DC, USA. 12. Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Alertness, Safety and Productivity, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia. 13. SLUCare Sleep Disorders Center, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA; Department of Neurology, Saint Louis University, St Louis, MO, USA. 14. National Sleep Foundation, Arlington, VA, USA. 15. Division of Public Mental Health and Population Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: This article presents the consensus findings of the National Sleep Foundation Drowsy Driving Consensus Working Group, which was an expert panel assembled to establish a consensus statement regarding sleep-related driving impairment. METHODS: The National Sleep Foundation assembled a expert panel comprised of experts from the sleep community and experts appointed by stakeholder organizations. A systematic literature review identified 346 studies that were abstracted and provided to the panelists for review. A modified Delphi RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method with 2 rounds of voting was used to reach consensus. RESULTS: A final consensus was reached that sleep deprivation renders motorists unfit to drive a motor vehicle. After reviewing growing evidence of impairment and increased crash risk among drivers who obtained less than optimal sleep duration in the preceding 24 hours, the panelists recognized the need for public policy guidance as to when it is certainly unsafe to drive. Toward this end, the panelists agreed upon the following expert consensus statement: "Drivers who have slept for two hours or less in the preceding 24 hours are not fit to operate a motor vehicle." Panelists further agreed that most healthy drivers would likely be impaired with only 3 to 5 hours of sleep during the prior 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS: There is consensus among experts that healthy individuals who have slept for 2 hours or less in the preceding 24 hours are too impaired to safely operate a motor vehicle. Prevention of drowsy driving will require sustained and collaborative effort from multiple stakeholders. Implications and limitations of the consensus recommendations are discussed.
OBJECTIVES: This article presents the consensus findings of the National Sleep Foundation Drowsy Driving Consensus Working Group, which was an expert panel assembled to establish a consensus statement regarding sleep-related driving impairment. METHODS: The National Sleep Foundation assembled a expert panel comprised of experts from the sleep community and experts appointed by stakeholder organizations. A systematic literature review identified 346 studies that were abstracted and provided to the panelists for review. A modified Delphi RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method with 2 rounds of voting was used to reach consensus. RESULTS: A final consensus was reached that sleep deprivation renders motorists unfit to drive a motor vehicle. After reviewing growing evidence of impairment and increased crash risk among drivers who obtained less than optimal sleep duration in the preceding 24 hours, the panelists recognized the need for public policy guidance as to when it is certainly unsafe to drive. Toward this end, the panelists agreed upon the following expert consensus statement: "Drivers who have slept for two hours or less in the preceding 24 hours are not fit to operate a motor vehicle." Panelists further agreed that most healthy drivers would likely be impaired with only 3 to 5 hours of sleep during the prior 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS: There is consensus among experts that healthy individuals who have slept for 2 hours or less in the preceding 24 hours are too impaired to safely operate a motor vehicle. Prevention of drowsy driving will require sustained and collaborative effort from multiple stakeholders. Implications and limitations of the consensus recommendations are discussed.
Authors: Stewart J Tepper; Stephen D Silberstein; Noah L Rosen; Richard B Lipton; Ellen B Dennehy; Sherie A Dowsett; Erin Doty Journal: Headache Date: 2019-12-02 Impact factor: 5.887
Authors: André Nohl; Christine Seelmann; Robert Roenick; Tobias Ohmann; Rolf Lefering; Bastian Brune; Veronika Weichert; Marcel Dudda Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-12-17 Impact factor: 3.390