Inversed Expression Patterns of S100A4 and E-Cadherin in Cervical Cancers: Implication in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition.

Cervical cancer/CC is the third commonest female malignancy worldwide. The aggressive growth and distal metastases are the leading causes of CC mortality, which is largely due to epithelial-mesenchymal transition/EMT. Fibroblast specific protein S100A4 promotes cancer metastasis and epithelial type cadherin/E-cadherin play pivotal roles in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interaction. Therefore, the expression patterns of S100A4 and E-cadherin reflect statuses of EMT of carcinoma cells. However, S100A4 expression and its relevance with E-cadherin and HPV16 infection in cervical cancers remain unknown. This study aims to address the above issues using cervical cancer specimens. Immunohistochemistry reveals that the levels of mesenchymal marker S100A4 is upregulated (>++) in cervical adenocarcinomas/CACs (12/16; 75%) and squamous cell carcinomas/CSCCs (23/28; 82%) than that in noncancerous glandular epithelia/GE (0/12; 0%) and squamous epithelia/SE (0/12; 0%). Epithelial marker membranous E-cadherin is remarkably reduced on the surface of CAC and CSCC cells (P = 0.00; P = 0.00), especially those showing poorly differentiated phenotypes (P < 0.05) in comparison with their noncancerous counterparts. Correlative analyses revealed an inverse relationship between S100A4 and E-cadherin expression among the cervical cancer samples (P = 0.01, r = -0.38). S100A4 expression level in HPV16-infected group is higher than that in HPV16-free group (P = 0.02). These results suggest the close correlation of S100A4 upregulation with cervical cancer formation and HPV16 infection and E-cadherin reduction with the grades of CC dedifferentiation. The concurrent gain of S100A4 and loss of membrane E-cadherin suggest EMT tendency of CC cells and can be regarded as an unfavorable prognostic parameter of CC patients. Anat Rec, 300:2184-2191, 2017.